Pedagoginė universiteto studentų praktika: privalumai, trūkumai, gerinimas

LTBūsimųjų mokytojų rengimas išlieka reikšminga kiekvienos šalies, taip pat ir Lietuvos, vystymo sritis. Pastarąjį dešimtmetį stebimas didelis motyvacijos tapti mokytoju mažėjimas. Nemenka dalis studentų, studijuojančių pedagoginio profilio studijų programose, baigę studijas, neketina dirbti mokytojais. Tikėtina, kad tokią situaciją formuoja ir profesinio pasirengimo trūkumas. Todėl pedagoginė praktika laikytina vienu esminių pedagoginių studijų komponentu. Praktika (ypač sisteminga ir nuolatinė) yra tinkamas būdas efektyviai susieti akademinį ir profesinį praktinį būsimųjų mokytojų pasirengimą. Šių metų sausio–vasario mėnesiais atliktas tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo 124 dviejų Lietuvos universitetų baigiamųjų kursų studentai, parodė, kad pedagoginės praktikos klausimai svarbūs, organizavimas turi specifinių trūkumų, o gerinimas ne visuomet vykdomas tikslingai ir kryptingai. Kinta kontekstas, aplinka, sąlygos, ugdymo reikalavimai apskritai. Pedagoginės praktikos tobulinimas neįmanomas neturint pagrįstų empirinių duomenų apie esamą būklę. Atliktas tyrimas atskleidė svarbiausius pedagoginės praktikos privalumus ir trūkumus, taip pat leido įvertinti veiksmingumą ir tobulinimo gaires. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Apklausa; Būsimi mokytojai; Mokytojo ugdymas; Pedagoginė praktika; Studijų gerinimas; Universiteto studentai; Future teachers; Improvementof studies; Inquiry; Intership; Pedagogical intership; Survey; Teacher education; University students.

ENTeacher preparation remains an urgent and significant part of education system. Changing socioeconomic, political, technological concrete country conditions require constant changes in teacher preparation system. As never before, such a demand is even more strengthened by an occurring link between education and labour market. Teachers is an undoubted integrating part of education policy and internship. The carried out scientific surveys show, that in Europe as well as in other countries teachers and schools encounter with similar pedagogue preparation problems: there are discussions on the selection of candidates to teacher’s profession, professional and subject teacher preparation, competence, preparation length, teachers’ professional self-consciousness, prestige, teacher educators’ partnerships and so on. The research was carried out between January and February 2014, i. e., at the beginning of the second study semester. The research is based on the attitude, that students’ opinion and evaluation researches are important, because they allow establishing urgent problems and clarifying the known ones. Referring to the respondent proposal analysis, one can suggest problem solution ways and evaluate possible consequences. Opinion researches is an effective means seeking to initiate the changes, in this case, to improve pedagogical internship organisation. Pedagogical internship, undoubtedly, remains a very significant element of pedagogical study structure and process. Competence, practical experience acquisition, personal improvement and all-round knowledge of educational institution are considered the most important advantages of the internship. This is not only a certain future teacher’s selfexamination in a real educational environment, but also a proper way to improve. On the other hand, internship organisation is not appropriate enough.A few very important things are obvious: a short pedagogical internship time, coherence with the studies at university, and not sufficiently purposefully defined internship activities (content aspect). Mentors’ work should be improved; however, this is not treated as a very important drawback. Also, two improvement spheres have been exposed: internship content/programme improvement (to concretise, optimise, and more clearly regulate the activities) and strengthening interaction effectiveness between university and basic practical schools. Pedagogical internship effectiveness (from the point of view of pedagogical ability consolidation, improvement) remains undoubted. On the other hand, certain requirements should be raised for the institution, in which students would like and could perform pedagogical internship. Educational institution’s democracy and openness, technological supply, ecological friendliness/ suitability are considered the most essential requirements. The existing pedagogical internship model in Lithuania has to be improved in two main directions – process (internship length increasing, guaranteeing the acquaintance with the variety of pedagogical institutions, interaction with the internship leaders and mentors improvement) and content (activity optimisation, innovativeness, variety increase) improvement. [From the publication]