Emic ir etic požiūrio aktualumas etnosemiologiniuose tautodailės tyrimuose

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Archeologinės kultūros; Baltų kultūrinis paveldas; Emic ir etic požiūriai; Ornamentų simboliai; Slavų kultūrinis paveldas; Svastika; Tautodailės tyrimai; Archeological cultures; Baltic cultural heritage; Emic and etic approaches; Folk art reseach; Ornamental symbols; Slavic cultural heritage; Swastika.

ENWith traditional and traditional folk culture sinking into oblivion and the natural transmission of traditional knowledge becoming broken, the integrity of this cultural past is deteriorating at the present time and the ethnological sciences are taking over the function of tradition transmission in a certain sense. The article reveals the relativity and singularity of the scientific concepts of traditional symbols and brings out the relevancy of a miscellaneous, bilatera local and intercultural approach to phenomena from the inside (emic) and the outside (etic). This is done by analysing the approaches to the investigation of the elements of one's own and other cultures. These approaches have been theoretically defined in works by noted linguistic anthropologists, cultural anthropologists, political anthropologists, semioticians, and archaeologists. The methodological specific features, peculiarity and variety of the investigation of the significance of traditional visual symbols in Lithuanian ethnology, archeology and art history and those in neighboring countries are discussed. The author analyzes how there a distinction of own and other cultures and a local and outsider interpretive, intercultural approach in the perspective of time and space is realized. The investigation of traditional ornament symbols from Lithuania and other selected regions has met with a lack of authentic explanations and therefore their interpretation is often constructed on the basis of not only authentic cultural explanations but also the broader context of own culture, a search for archaeological analogies, an intercultural comparison analysis, and the application of universal theoretical paradigms.The researchers attention is mainly focused on the symbol recently encountered in the region, i. e. the swastika, what is characterized by ethnocentric interpretation, cultural 'rehabilitation', and a tendency for assimilation. The authors conclusion was drawn that much more attention has been focused on the swastika in neighbouring countries than in Lithuania. It has been noted that the Russian peculiarity of this symbol has sometimes been defined insufficiently objectively with a tendency to incorrectly attribute the symbols of the Baltic and Finno-Ugric cultural heritage to the Slavic culture. But owing to the singularity and popularity of the swastika in the Baltic cultural tradition, this has sometimes tended to be doubted. Therefore it is especially important to combine the local and intercultural approaches in order to more objectively study the cultural processes of both the past and the present. [From the publication]