Отражение Вильнюсской церковной музыки первой половины XIX века : "Книга нот семинарии" - содержимое и многоязычие
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Jozefas Elsneris; Karolis Kurpinskis; Religinė muzika; Sakralinė muzika; Vilniaus Seminarijos knygos; Vilnius; 19 amžius; Jozef Elsner; Karol Kurpinski; Sacral music; Seminary's Sheet Music Book, Jozef Elsner, Karol Kurpinski; 19th century; Vilnius; Vilnius seminary's books.
ENIn the 19th century, the churches of Vilnius hosted the performances of musical ensembles of varied composition: Gregorian chant groups, small vocal ensembles (with an organ accompaniment), multi-voice choirs a cappella and vocal-instrumental ensembles. The analysis of the sources leads to the conclusion that the activities of vocal-instrumental choirs and Gregorian chant groups prospered until the middle of the 19th century. It was determined by several reasons: on the one hand, the popularity and financing of ensembles reduced; on the other hand, the cultural climate and the artistic tendencies changed - the previous tendencies became out-dated, which naturally promoted the interest in new possibilities - specifically, multi-vocal choral singing. The object of this paper is the Vilnius seminaryís manuscript sheet music books, re-written in 1828. Vilnius seminaryís books were found in Vilnius, in St. George church. It is not clear in what conditions they were kept for almost 200 years, who and how much used them during this long period. In 2010, both books were restored in Lithuanian National Martinas Mažvydas Libraryís document restoration and conservation centre. On the first pages of the two surviving books - Canto secundo and Basso vocale - it is written that there were four of them (Canto primo and Tenore have not been found to date). Considering the specifics of the creations, its possible to assume that there was the fifth book, dedicated to the organ accompaniment, and maybe a few more, dedicated to the instrumental ensemble. At the end of the book - a memorable account about the flood which destructed Vilnius in 1828, written in Polish. It is possible to assume, that the whole book was dedicated to the memory of the horrible event and to the prayers for the future.In the first half of the 19th century, in Lithuanian church choir repertoire there dominated the local composersí creations. This theme in various aspects was analysed in earlier scientific articles by the author. In the 19th century, the Lithuanian sacred choir repertoires consisted of compositions including various consistencies, genres and forms. The content of Vilnius seminaryís book consists of liturgical compositions: masses, hymns, versicles, vespers and others. Most compositions are anonymous; only a few composer names have been found: Martin Zebrowski, Francisco Selesio, Zygmunt, Rulewicz, Jozef Elsner and Karol Kurpinski. It is clear, that the authors (only with one exception) were the local creators or the composers of Polish origin. The originality of Vilnius seminaryís book consists in the fact that in it the rewritten compositions in four languages - Polish, Latin, Russian and Jewish (Hebrew) - are combined. It is a direct reflection of multilingual and multicultural Vilnius of the first half of the 19th century. [From the publication]
