Lietuvos teritorijos apgyvendinimo kaita XXI a. : miestų-regionų formavimasis

LTStraipsnyje siekiama atskleisti Lietuvos socioerdvinės kaitos tendencijas ir palyginti Lietuvos teritorinės apgyvendinimo organizacijos kaitą su procesais, vykstančiais kitose postkomunistinėse Europos šalyse. Pristatoma miesto-regiono koncepcija ir šių regionų reikšmė šalių socioerdvinei organizacijai. Empirinėje darbo dalyje analizuojama Lietuvos apgyvendinimo struktūros įtaka dabartiniams gyventojų teritorinio pasiskirstymo kaitos ir vidaus migracijos procesams, daugiausia dėmesio skiriant didžiųjų šalies miestų regionams. Tyrimui naudojami 2001 ir 2011 m. Visuotinių gyventojų surašymų duomenys. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Ir Rytų Europa; Miestų regionai; Miestų-regionai; Socioerdvinė kaita; Suburbanizacija; Vidaus migracija; Vidurio; Central and Eastern Europe; City regions; City-regions; Internal migration; Socio-spatial transformation; Sociospatial transformation; Suburbanization.

ENThis paper investigates socio-spatial changes of the Lithuanian territorial organization and seeks to compare their trends with the processes taking place in other postcommunist European countries. In addition, the concept of city-region and the role of such regions on the socio-spatial organization of the neo-liberal societies are being presented. The aim of this paper is to determine the impact of the Lithuanian settlement system on the contemporary patterns of population change and fl ows of internal migration. This study uses Lithuanian Census data from the years 1989, 2001 and 2011. It was found that the signifi cant changes in the territorial organization of the society occurred since the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990, which even refl ect on the shift in the hierarchy of urban system. The results of the research show that the specifi c urban system of Lithuania, especially the position of the main cities, is an important factor in explaining spatial pattern of population change. It was found out that the largest number of new residents in the main cities (Vilnius, Kaunas, Klaipėda) consist of arrivals from abroad (returning emigrants) and other Lithuanian cities.Meanwhile, the majority of the new residents in the suburban zones of the main cities consist of arrivals from the cities they surround as well as residents from rural areas, other cities and from abroad. Some differences between different cities and their suburbs were indicated. The results also revealed that the distant internal migration (beyond the zones of suburbanization) from the major Lithuanian cities have clear regional patterns. Klaipėda has the weakest regional impact, while Vilnius has the strongest. It can be argued that the main city-regions, especially the Vilnius city-region, have an increasing role on the socio-spatial structure of the country. It is likely that the socio-spatial transformation of the country will continue in the same direction, where metropolisation trends prevail. [From the publication]