LTStraipsnis skirtas etnogeografijai – lig šiol tyrėjų dėmesio nesulaukusiai geografijos sričiai, neoficialiam Žemės erdvės ir paviršiaus mokslui. Jo sampratą autorius grindžia žvalgymų ir vietovardžių rinkimo patirtimi, pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje imasi Lietuvos žemės vardyno anketų tyrimo. 1935–1937 m. užpildytose Mosėdžio valsčiaus anketose pasikartojantys vietų vardai yra etnogeografijos žodyno dalis, kurią galima perkelti į bendrinę kalbą, apibrėžti kaip tam tikras sąvokas ir terminus. Pažymėtina, kad juos tarpusavyje jungia ne abėcėlė, o reikšmės, semantiniai ryšiai, kuriuos lemia geografiniai ir topografiniai ypatumai, socialinė ir ūkinė aplinka, geomorfologinės, biologinės, zoologinės ir visos kitos vietų ypatybės. Etnogeografijos perspektyvą atskleidžia kauprelės – nedidelio žemės pakilimo – atvejis, šios sąvokos, žodžio vartojimo, mitologinio vaizdinio tyrimas. Abi savarankiškas straipsnio dalis vienija bendra problematika; etnogeografija – tai vietinio žmogaus žinojimas, žinių apie geografines, gyvenamas ir negyvenamas vietas, jų padėtį, formą, dydį ir ypatybes visuma. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Etnogeografija; Gervėčiai; Kapai; Lietuvos žemės; Lietuvos žemės vardynas; Mosėdis; Pilkapiai; Toponimika; Vardynas; Vietovardžiai; Barrows; Ethnogeography; Gervėčiai; Graves; Lithuanian Land Onomastic; Mosedis; Mosėdis; Name plate; Place names; The land of Lithuania; Toponymy.
ENThis article is oriented towards ethno-geography - a field of geography, as of yet having garnered little interest from researchers, being the unofficial study of the land’s space and surface. This is the knowing of a local person, their knowledge on geographical, living and non-living locations, their situation, form, size and properties, in other words - centuries-old wisdom and experience on agriculture, livestock and all other land-based traditions. The ethnogeographical conception is grounded by the article’s author’s experience in exploration and collection of place names, research of the Lithuanian land onomastic questionnaire. The repetitive toponyms, included in the questionnaires in 1935–1937 by teachers, foresters, and students, on the historical Mosėdis district in Kretinga region, are a part of an ethno-geographical dictionary, which can be transferred to the standard language, defined as certain concepts and terms. It should be stressed that they are interconnected not by alphabet, but by meaning, semantic links, which are due to geographical and topographical features, social and agricultural environment, geomorphological, biological, zoological and all other features of the land. The significant ethno-geographical perspective, the importance of inter-disciplinary Lithuanian studies, is revealed by the case of kauprelės (hills), the research on this conception, the name’s usage, evolution and mythological image.Kauprė or kauprelė means a slightly elevated, cultivated or otherwise disturbed (apkauptos, sukauptos or užkauptos - moved, gathered, collected) plot of land. Such an elevation could be a natural form on the surface of the earth, the result of moved earth, or both. Historical records speak of kapmilžiai, also known as milžkapiai, which is the oldest name of Northern Lithuania and Samogitia’s pilkapiai (funeral mounds, from around the 1st–5th c.); the Eastern Lithuanian and Belarusian name for funeral mounds (from around the 3rd–12th c.), kapčiai, is similar and means “gathered earth, grave”. A kauprelė is rightly compared to the silhouette of an aging person, when on their back a “hunch” (lit. kuprelė) appears and which after death becomes a grave - a mound of earth gathered over the spot where the deceased is buried. Climbing upwards, kopimas, as an image of life, a comparison of the burden of life to a hill, allows us to cautiously guess that the “mountain” under discussion is the same mountain, the summit of which, reached at the end of one’s life, is apledėjęs (frozen). Therefore, for the deceased to be able to climb the mountain, before their death an animal claw was tucked in their clothes or a bear claw was placed in the grave by the family. [From the publication]