Griausmavaldis ir gyvatė : pagrindinis mitas indoarijų ir baltų mitologinėse tradicijose

LTStraipsnio objektas – baltų ir indoarijų (senovės indų) mitinių-religinių tradicijų paralelės vadinamojo pagrindinio mito kontekste. Indoeuropiečių tradicijoje yra plačiai paplitęs griausmavaldžio ir gyvatės bruožų turinčio jo priešininko dvikovos motyvas, kuriam baltų tautosakoje atstovauja Perkūno ir Velnio nesantaika, o indoarijų mitologijoje – dievų karaliaus Indros ir slibino Vritros dvikova. Straipsnyje, pasitelkus leksinės-semantinės ir kritinės teksto analizės, taip pat lyginamąjį metodus, siekiama surasti ir palyginti tuos indoarijų ir baltų minėtų mitinių būtybių bruožus, kurie yra susiję su pagrindiniu mitu, ir atskleisti kai kurias šio mito interpretacijos galimybes. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Gyvatė; Indoarijų ir baltai; Indoarijų mitologija; Indra; Mitologija; Pagrindinis indoeuropiečių mitas; Perkūnas; Varuna; Velnias; Vritra; Balts; Indo-Aryans; Indoaryan mythology; Indra; Lithuanian mythology; Pagan gods; Perkunas; Principal Myth; Serpent; Thunder; Varuna; Velnias; Vrtra.

ENThe narrative of the mythological duel between the Thunder-wielder and the Dragon recurs in numerous Indo- European traditions and folklore. In reference to this common Indo-European myth, the article deals in particular with the parallels between Baltic and Indo-Aryan mythoreligious traditions. The research includes a lexical-semantic analysis of original Rigveda and Baltic folklore texts, critical text analysis and comparative methods. The article begins by presenting the schema, proposed by Russian philologists V. Toporov and V. V. Ivanov, of the common Indo-European myth, consisting of six universal mythologems that evidently correlate with the patterns of the myths found in Baltic and Indo-Aryan mytho-religious traditions. The author then proceeds with analysis and comparison of the shared characteristics between Baltic and Indo-Aryan protagonists, namely Perkūnas and Indra, complementing the study by adding a marginal, yet important, Rigveda character — Parjanya. This part of the article also involves an endeavour to suggest three interpretations that explain the Thunder-wielder’s role in Indo-European mytho-religious worldview. These are as follows: the Thunder- wielder as a militant ruler that falls under the second category in G. Dumézil’s tripartite ideology; his cosmogonical acts; and his close connection to the cycles of nature and fertility.The second part of the article includes analysis and comparison of the myths’ antagonistic characters Vṛtra, Vala, Ahi Budhnya and Varuṇa on the Indo-Aryan side and Velinas or Velnias on the Baltic side. The analysis begins with etymological and semantic evaluation of the mentioned names and then proceeds to compare the attributes and functions of the characters. For example, their connection to the primordial waters and chaotic state of the universe, as well as livestock and stones, rocks. The antagonists also perform the judicial function of a sovereign and act as secondary agents in antagonistic deeds. The analysis and comparison of the above-mentioned characters showed that Baltic and Indo-Aryan myths about the Thunder-wielder’s and Dragon’s duel share a common pool of mythologems. The findings contribute to the research of links and parallels among Indo-European folks and provide a basis for deeper analysis. [From the publication]