Michał Kazimierz Pac i jego opozycja przeciwko Janowi III Sobieskiemu

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: ATR, XVII a. 2 pusė; Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Asmeniškumo konfliktas; Bajorai; Giminės; LDK didysis etmonas Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas; Lenkijos karūnos etmonas, veliau karalius Jonas III Sobieskis; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); 17 amžius; Opozycija; Politinė istorija; Valdovai; Families; GDL Grand Hetman Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas; Monarchs; Noblemen; Opposition; Personality conflict; Polish Crown Hetman, later King Jan III Sobieski; Political history; The Great Duchy of Lithuania; The Lithuanian XVII c. history.

ENIn the present article the author makes an attempt to analyse and comprehensively depict the complex relationship between Great Lithuanian Hetman, Palatine of Vilnius Michał Kazimierz Рас and Great Crown Hetman and Great Crown Marshall Jan Sobieski, from 1674 the king of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as John III. Contrary to the assumptions of the older historiography which searched for the origins of the subsequent Pac’s opposition activities and his aversion to the king in the events of their early youth, the author wants to prove that the paths of these two politicians, educated in the same political school of Queen Ludwika Maria Gonzaga, did not diverge decisively until the first months of Michat Korybut Wisniowiecki’s reign, when Sobieski took the lead of the oppositional pro-French camp of malcontents seeking to dethrone the new monarch, and Рас became a one of the leaders of the royalists. Only the events of 1671-1673, and especially the dramatic year of 1672, ultimately divided the two dignitaries. For this reason soon after the election of John III Рас became his strongest opponent, trying at all cost and by all means to hamper the political and military plans of the king.The first examples of Pac’s attempts were: his desertion from the battlefield in Ukraine during the campaign in December 1674, his conduct in the summer of 1675, obstructing of Sobieski’s Baltic plans in 1677-1679 and breaking the session of the Sejm in 1681. On the other hand, it would be misleading to look at the relationship between Sobieski and Рас only through the prism of their personal animosities. The Pac’s attitude was also an expression of separatist tendencies among the Lithuanian magnates, their different comprehension of the fundamentals of foreign policy and finally, dissimilar vision of international alliances and position of the Commonwealth in Europe. That is why the black picture of the hetman, who so far in the Polish literature on the subject has been mainly depicted as a traitor, rebel and troublemaker, undoubtedly requires to be verified, and his person to be rehabilitated, at least in part. [From the publication]