Мизары и надгробия польско-литовских татар на фоне искусства исламской эпиграфики их соседей с Востока

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Antkapiniai paminklai; Epigrafika; Islamas; Kapinės; Lenkijos ir Lietuvos totoriai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos-Lenkijos totoriai; Ornamentika; Paminklai; Epigraphic; Epigraphy; Graveyards; Islam; Monuments; Ornament; Ornamentation; Polish-Lithuanian Tatars; Tombstones.

ENThere are the monuments of epigraphic art (the tombstones) of the Turkic Muslim Peoples of the Eastern Europe and North Asia (of the large Euro-Asiatic space of the former Russian empire), that are the subject of our researches. For a long time these monuments attracted attention of Historians, Ethnographers, Philologists, Linguists and were known as indispensable source of the information about the Muslim Peoples' life and history. I'll like to show these monuments as the works of the Islamic art, where the classical principles and the distinguishing features of the Islamic world-outlook (death's interpretation as gate leading to paradise), of the Islamic artistic culture find their place: synthesis of the architecture, sculpture, stone-curving, painting, drawing; projections of the Mosque portals' and Mikhrab niches' forms on to the tombstone; the character of the ornamental design that includes the Islamic faith's symbols as well the symbolic meaning having geometric figures, vegetable, zoomorphic, anthropomorphic motives; the role of the calligraphy in all its changes of the handwritings from the archaic kufi till he modern forms of cursives; the significance of the word addressed to the believers and incarnate in the stone-drawing - of the word uniting the poetry's, theology's elements and having the aesthetic value. This Islamic art is connected with the pre-Islamic traditions in the culture of the nomadic and settles tribes (the signs of tamga; the metamorphosis from the pagan stone idol / statue / balwal to the form of the Muslim gravestones reminding of standing home with turban on the head; primitive relief and drawing still lives in folklore traditions), and has the prospects of modernizing in the professional memorial art of the new times. The comparative analyze lets trace likeness, resemblance and local / regional / national distinctions between them.