Osmanizacja pisanego języka Tatarów polsko-litewskich

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Chamailai; Chorezmiečių kalba; Kipčiakų kalbinė grupė; Kitabai; Lenkijos-Lietuvos totoriai; Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės raštija; Lietuvos totorių literatūra; Lietuvos totorių rankraščiai; Osmanizacija; Rašytinė kalba; Totorių kalba; Totorių raštija; Turkų osmanų kalba; Uigūrų kalba; Khamail; Khorezmian; Kipchak languages group; Kitab; Ottoman Turkish; Ottomanisation; Polish-Lithuanian (Lipka) Tatars; Polish-Lithuanian Tatars; Tatar language; Tatar literature of Lituania; Tatar manuscripts of Lituania; Tatar writings; Uygur language; Writing of the Grand Duchy of Lituania; Written language.

ENThe paper deals with the process of the "Ottomanisation" or the influence of the Ottoman Turkish on the written language of the Tatars living in Poland and Lithuania. This process may be observed already from the 16th century onwards. For the first time a gradual abandon of the Tatar language, first of all of the spoken language, was raised by a Lithuanian Tatar, who went on the pilgrimage to Mecca through the lands of the Ottoman Empire. He had addressed a letter to the Grand Vizier, Rüstern Pasha, complaining about the fact that his compatriots hardly understand their mother tongue, and was asking to send mollas in order to held the prayers. The Tatar writings, especially the kitab's and the khamaifs, composed between the 17th and 19th centuries contain more and more texts in Ottoman Turkish. This was due to the fact that were more close contacts of the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars with the Ottoman Empire and Crimea. Tatars used to choose the way through Turkey to go on the pilgrimage to Mecca. They often had spend some time in Turkey, being acqauinted with the Ottoman Turkish language, and brought books of religious content in Ottoman to their homeland. Manuscripts in Ottoman Turkish offered thus a variety of texts to be incorporated by the copists in the khamaits and kitab's. Full or parts of texts in various languages, like the Tatar, Ottoman Turkish and even old Uygur or Khorezmian, were put together side by side. Such a mechanism shows clearly enough that there existed still a group of people, who were able to understand the Ottoman Turkish, whose structure and the basic vocabulary is not much different from the Tatar language. [From the publication]