Kalavijas iš Ukmergės kraštotyros muziejaus ir ginklai iš radavietės prie Šventosios
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Archeologija; Chronologija; Ginkluotė; Ilgasis kovos peilis, tipologija; Kalavijas; Pabaiskas; Pabaisko mūšio laukas; Tipologija; Viduramžiai; Archaeology; Armament; Axe; Battlefield of Pabaiskas; Chronology; Long combat knife; Middle Ages; Pabaiskas; Sword; Typology.
ENThe article explores two iron weapons and one axe that are presumably related to the battlefield of Pabaiskas. A sword that has been found by accident and under unknown circumstances is preserved in Ukmergė Ethnographic Museum (Piet. 1); it is believed that it can be related to the battlefield of Pabaiskas. Unfortunately, only the blade has been preserved, which reminds of the blades ascribed to sub- types XVA, XVIIIB and XVIIID (according to Ewart Oakeshott) by its form. Having examined the blade dimensions, it seems that it can be attributed to subtype XVIIID. The length of this subtype of swords ranges from 68 to 91.5 cm, which is the closest to the explored blade. Nevertheless, considering the form of the blade and its metric data, it is almost impossible to identify the exact subtype; therefore, the right solution would be to ascribe the weapon to type XVIII. This type of swords is not a rarity in Europe. Analogical weapons were most widely used in 1410-1510. Hence, the chronological boundaries of type XVIII give a theoretical assumption that the sword could be used in the Battle of Pabaiskas. Carrying out the archaeological excavations near the battlefield of Pabaiskas, local people presented two findings - a long combat knife and an iron axe. They were accidentally detected in Antariškiai forest, Deltuva Municipality, Ukmergė Region (between the highway Ukmergė-Kaunas and Trai- niai village). E. Svetikas most exhaustively discussed and typologised axes of the analogical type.According to his analysis, the aforesaid axe could be attributed to subgroup 2 of the first type. The determined chronology of such axesallows theoretically ascribing this artefact to the period of the Battle of Pabaiskas, since such axes are dated back to the end of the 14th century - the first half of the 15th century. Analysing the long knife that was found nearby we can refer to the metric data of the handle, the quillion, the studs (quillion blocks) and the bladeof the weapon as identifying data. It is noteworthy that all the parts if the weapon have analogues among long knives found in Central Europe. However, no artefact has been found that possessed all the afore-said elements altogether. Nevertheless, almost analogical weapons can be spotted in the frescos of the Chapel of St. Stephan in Castle Obermontani in South Tyrol (Italy). The weapons illustrated in the frescos are hanging in scabbards worn on belts. Nevertheless, it is possible to trace similar studs, the forms of the blades narrowing to the point and even longer quillions bending downwards. According to the data provide by Czech and Polish researchers, the weapon should be dated back to the mid-i5th or the second half of the 15th century; yet referring to European iconographic materials, the long knife can be dated back to the first half of the 15th century. This chronology is supported by the axe found nearby. Thus, considering the chronological boundaries of the explored weapons, the probability that they could have been used in the Battle of Pabaiskas cannot be rejected. [From the publication]
