Pabaisko kautynės žymiausių Lietuvos mūšių kontekste

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Istoriografija; Vokiečių Ordinas (Teutonic Order; Kryžiuočių ordinas); Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); 15 amžius; Livonija (Livonia); Livonijos Ordinas; Mūšis; Pabaisko mūšis (1435); Švitrigaila, 1370-1452 (Boleslovas Švitrigaila, Svidrigiello, Boleslau Switrigail); Žalgirio mūšis, 1410; Žygimantas Kęstutaitis, 1365-1440 (Sigismund Kęstutaitis); Battle; Battle of Pabaiskas (1435); Historiography; Lithuanian XV c. history; Livonia; Svitrigaila; The Battle of Grunwald (1410); The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; The Great Duchy of Lithuania; The Livonian Order; Zygimantas Kestutaitis.

ENThe Battle of Pabaiskas which occurred on 1 September 1435 is one of the most significant battles in the context of Lithuania in a number of aspects: - The Battle of Pabaiskas was the greatest battle in the Middle Ages that happened in the territory of modern Lithuania. It finished inter-dynasty conflicts that had lasted for decades, transformed into an open war between Algirdaičiai and Kęstutaičiai, as well as finished wars with Livonia. - On 1 September, an hour before sunrise, the joint army of Švitrigaila and Livonia that started to retreat to rest was attacked by the army led by the son of Žygimantas Kęstutaitis Mykolas. Despite persistent and fierce battle it was defeated. The battle itself determined further political status and political orientation of Lithuania. - The Battle of Pabaiskas is the closest to the Battle of Grunwald in terms of its organisation, soldiership, period, war traditions and other comparative aspects. From the very beginning, the two battles were compared not only by the contemporaries, but also later by most historians. - The Battle of Pabaiskas was a painful loss for Švitrigaila, yet more painful it was for the Livonian Order. Livonian army actually disappeared after the Battle. The Master of the Livonian Order, Franco Kerskorf and Marshal Verner Nesselrode were killed, as well as most leaders and knights of the Order were taken prisoners during the Battle.After the Battle, the power of the Livonian Order collapsed and was never recovered so as to start a new war with Lithuania. - Generally, the battles are named after the place-name of the battle; yet the name of the Battle of Pabaiskas originated from the Polish word 'pobojowisko', which meant 'a battlefield' or 'a place of battle'. - The Grand Duchy of Lithuania Žygimantas Kęstutaitis undertook the commemoration of the Battle right after it had finished: he built a church in the Battlefield of Pabaiskas and founded a personal estate, which later developed into the village Pabaiskas. [From the publication]