Karyba Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir jos kaimynų žemėse 1411-1454 metais
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: 1435 m. Pabaisko (Vilkmergės) mūšis; Artilerija; Ginkluotosios pajėgos (kariuomenė); Gynyba; Inžinerija; Kaimynai; Kariuomenė; Karo menas; Karyba; Kavalerija; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštija, XV a.; Maskva; Naugardas; Pilių tinklas; Pskovas; Pėstininkai; Raitija; Stagnacija; Strategija; Vokiečių (Kryžiuočių) ordinas; Vokiečių Ordinas (Teutonic Order; Kryžiuočių ordinas); Armed forces; Army; Artillery; Battle of Pabaiskas (Vilkmergė), 1435; Castle network; Cavalry; Defense; Engineering; Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 15th century; Infantry; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Military; Moskow; Neighbours; Novgorod; Pskov; Stagnation; Strategy; War art.
ENThe article introduces with the general features of the armed forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and neighbouring lands in 1410-1447. Due to the lack of resources, this issue has not been sufficiently explored in the historiography of Lithuania and other countries. Though at the time, the diminishing status of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in international relations was observed, Lithuanian army did not undertake visible reforms, as well as the first signs of stagnation and Lithuania's coming to the shadow of Poland occurred. Apart from Lithuanian army, the article gives an overview of the tendencies of the development of the armed forces of the Kingdom of Poland, Teutonic Order, the Republics of Novgorod and Pskov, Grand Duchy of Moscow and East European Tartars that had impact on the development of regional armed forces. Cavalry played the key role. It consisted of the subdivisions that were formed on the basis of the knight's land service, and the local subdivisions that were formed on the basis of the general folk duty. Large internal battles were fought in the eastern parts that were initiated by the leaders struggling to win greater political power. Hiring relations were developed only in the lands of western neighbours; however, they were considerably constricted by the lack of material resources and were observed only in the periods of greatest wars.Although the state of Lithuania was expanding and developing, it tended to rely on foreign mercenaries and allies in terms of military forces. There were no considerable changes in the internal troops of Lithuania. In the 14th century, the process of the change of military forms was energetic and aggressive being accelerated by the innovations and activity of the Teutonic Order; however, it entered the stage of stagnation after 1430, when the balance of forces was settled in the western region and government crisis occurred in the eastern region. Under such conditions, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania retained its domineering position in the region without major efforts and its stagnated military power was not noted on the political map. The article does not claim to completeness restricting itself to the introduction of the context of the Battle of Pabaiskas and its historical military background. [From the publication]
