LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Baltai; Tautosaka; Joninės; Latvių joninės; Latvių kalba; Leksika; Liaudies dainos; Liaudies dainos; Lingvistinis aspektas; Vasaros saulėgrįža; Balts; Feast of St John; Folk song; Folk songs; Folklore; Latvian; Latvian language; Latvian st. John's Festival; Lexis; Linguistic aspect; Midsummer Day; St.Jone's festival; Summer solstice.
ENThe main Latvian St. John’s (La. Jāņi) festival was studied in various aspects. Summer solstice festival is also important for other Indo-European nations, but in Latvia it is distinctive for the variety of its ceremonies. Every participant and phenomenon of the festival has a certain name in Latvian. These names are studied in the article according to Latvian folk songs - a specific form of folklore. Lexis referring to St. John’s festival can be divided into several lexico-semantic groups - the names of subjects (the main character Jānis, the hosts of the house where the festival takes place Jāņa tēvs, Jāņa māte and their guests Jāņa bērni), and objects (Jāņa siers, Jāņa zāles, Jāņa ugunis). According to the studied materials it can be stated that in Latvian folk songs singular and plural forms of the name of the festival Jāņi vary in different combinations of words. The spreading of diminutives is determined not by their diminutive meaning, but by their form that is more suitable for folk rhythm. In some cases the lexis of St. John can be considered as having no equivalents - these are words having no exact equivalent in Lithuanian that is reflected in the translations of folk songs. [From the publication]