Ażurowe okucia końca pasa - wędrówka wzoru między Gotlandią, Mazurami a Litwą zachodnią

LTHipotezė apie tam tikrą diržo galo apkalų stilistikos Gotlando saloje, Mozūrijoje ir Vakarų Lietuvoje (Baltijos pakrantėje) bendrumą formavosi analizuojant Stragnų kapinyno radinius. Kai kurie diržo galų apkalai iš šio kapinyno neturi atitikmenų Vidurio Europos barbarų srities radinių klasifikacijoje. Jie, tiesa, panašūs į analogiškus Bogaševskio kultūros artefaktus, tačiau nėra jiems identiški. Stilistiškai panašiausi į Stragnų yra kiauraraščiai liežuvėliai su rombo elementu iš Bogačevo kultūros srities. Čia kiauraraštis rombas yra viršutinis kompozicinis elementas, po juo – neryškūs "snapeliai", primenantys neišsivysčiusias "auseles", o liežuvėlio gale yra žiedelis su ataugėle. Tokie liežuvėliai žinomi iš Macharen, Moythienen kapinynų ir vadinamojo Pisanskio rinkinio. Pagal Šilutės muziejaus inventorinėse knygose išlikusias nuorodas, kurios nurašytos nuo Scheu sudarytų radinių lentelių, pirmieji Šilutės dvaro Stragnų rinkinio radiniai gauti 1896 m. – kapinyną, esantį savo žemėje, kasinėjo savininkas Gervėnas ir pats E. Scheu. Tam tikras Stragnų kapinyno radinių barokiškumas gali būti siejamas su radiniais Gotlando saloje. Taigi, aptarti vakarų baltų diržo galų apkalai reprezentuoja lokalinį klasikinių diržo galų apkalų variantą, datuojamą vėlyvaisiais Romos įtakos laikais. Sunku tvirtinti, kur pirmiausia išplito šis apkalų tipas (Mozūrijoje ar Vakarų Lietuvoje), gali būti, kad ir maždaug tuo pačiu metu dėl Gotlando amatininkų dirbinių poveikio. Apkalai Mozūrijoje ir Vakarų Lietuvoje turi šį tą bendro, kas skiria juos nuo dirbinių iš Gotlando.Reikšminiai žodžiai: Diržo galo apkalai; Ažūrinis dekoravimas; Kapinynai; Vėlyvasis romėniškas laikotarpis; Vakarų Lietuva; Mozūrija; Gotlandas; Belt end mountings; Openwork decoration; Cemeteries; Late Roman Period; West Lithuania; Mazury; Kiauraščiai; Gotland; Diržo apkalai.

ENThe hypothesis concerning late Roman Period belt end mountings found on Gotland, in Mazury and the Lithuanian coastal area and the stylistic links of these forms developed during analysis of material from the Stragnai cemetery, Klaipėda District. Most of the Stragnai finds came from the collection of the amateur archaeologist and landowner Hugo Scheu and his son Erich in the town of Heydekrug (now Šilutė), formed at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Records of the old collection have not survived, a part of the finds is now preserved in the Lithuanian National Museum in Vilnius, a part, in local museum in Šilutė. The cemetery at Stragnai is dated to 2nd-13th с. It was also excavated after the WW II, in 1985; A. Varnas discovered 23 graves dated to Зth-бth с. The Stragnai collection kept in Vilnius contains a number of belt end mountings. They feature ear-form flat parts in the centre, sometimes with opening. There are no data about their context so it is difficult to determine the chronology, but they probably come from the same phase as several J.II3 forms surviving in the Stragnai collection and could be dated to the 3rd с. Stylistically closest to the Stragnai finds are the belt end mountings with a rhomboid openwork decoration recorded in the Bogaczewo Culture area. Such mountings are known from Machary, Mojtyny grave fields and the so-called Pisanski collection.Researchers agree that Machary-Mojtyny type mountings are a special form of variously profiled belt ends created by the Western Balts which is typical of the early phase of the late Roman Period. A similar "baroque" form is typical of belt end mountings from Gotland dated to period V:l (synchronies with Tichler's С Period). The variety of the form of compositional elements in Gotland mountings is reminiscent of the Bogaczewo Culture style. The details vary but they are connected by the craftsmen's skill in combining them in various ways. The pieces from Stragnai are simpler. Stragnai cemetery produced another interesting openwork ornament (inv. no. AR 38:2642) - a broken possible belt mounting or pendant - decoration of horse bridle. It also features protruding "ear" motifs and is richly decorated with wire rings and set of blue glass. The piece occurred in a male and horse Grave 13 dated post quem by an Alexander Severus coin, to phases Clb-C2. The ornament from Stragnai, Grave 13, seems to be an extended variation of the form of the Stragnai AR 38:1682 belt mounting. In one way if we maintain this to be a 'pendant', it would be similar to the Gotland belt mounting from Lau backar, Lau District. But if we turn the Stragnai pendant upside down its profile is almost identical with the Machary belt end mounting.The protruding "ear" motif is seen in finds from another West Lithuanian cemetery, Šernai/Schemen, Grave 50 on two non-openwork belt end mountings decorated with wire rings and blue glass similar to the piece from Stragnai, Grave 13. Šernai Grave 50 is dated no earlier than phase Clb. The openwork belt end mountings from Gotland, the Mazurian Lake District and Western Lithuania are an example of stylistic conception from the Baltic Sea region which testifies to lively interchange in the region. Most probably the idea of creating special local forms was imported from Gotland. Where was this adopted first, in the Mazury region of Poland, or coastal areas of what is now Lithuania? Perhaps the idea was adopted simultaneously in both Balt regions had come to thèse régions via different routes? Or did the people of the Bogaczewo Culture hâve their own "agents" among their Balt brethren on the Lithuanian coast Controlling the interface between continental and maritime routes? These are questions that are provoked by the comparison of the forms of openwork belt mountings. One may only hope for new finds to surface to help refine this question. [From the publication]

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