Oginskių kova dėl lyderystės Lietuvos respublikonų judėjimui XVII a. pabaigoje - XVIII a. pradžioje

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Kova dėl lyderystės; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos respublikonų judėjimas; Oginskiai; Oginskių giminės istorija; Respublikonų judėjimas; Sapiegos (Sapiega family); History of the Oginskiai genealogy; Lithuanian Republican Movement; Oginskiai; Republican Movement; The Grand Duchy of Lithuania; The struggle for leadership.

ENThe article discusses competition between the Oginskis - mainly between Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński and his political allies, i.e. enemies of the Sapiehas over influence in their faction, and later, i.e. after Sapiehas lost in 1700 and hegemony of the Sa-Piehas was destroyed, over power in the entire country. The Oginskis joined the growing movement against the Sapiehas later in time. However, during 1696-1697 interim governance they overshadowed older opponents of the Sapiehas with their activeness and radicalism. When in 1697 duke of Saxony Friedrich August, who was crowned in Cracow as the King August II, rather than Sobieski family member was elected the king, changes in the movement against the Sapiehas began. The old leaders, whose influence was based on close links with the former King Jan III Sobieski and his family, started retreating to the shadows. The leadership was challenged by those who destruction of the Sapiehas viewed as an objective in itself, thus in late 1698 - early 1699 in charge of the movement against the Sapiehas were the Oginskis and their close relatives. However, soon enough it became clear that even though the Oginskis and their closest allies managed to assume leadership of the movement against the Sapiehas, they lacked strength to achieve the most important objective to overpower the Sapiehas. Leadership positions in the movement against the Sapiehas slipped out of the Oginskis' hands on the eve of the pivotal breaking point in Lithuanian civil war. This breaking point was thrashing of the Sapiehas at the battle of Valkininkai on 18 November 1700. Lithuanian nobles, assembled for war against the Sapiehas, appreciating significant input of the Wiśniowieckis elected Micha! Serwacy Wiśniowiecki as the new Colonel General of Voivodeships and Districts of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński had also had to recognize his superiority.Even though the Oginskis officially recognized rule of M. Wiśniowiecki, in reality they and the Wiśniowieckis entered a competition over the influence. In this competition with the young leader of the republicans, Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński decided to look for support not from the King August II or the general population of nobility, but rather seek political protection of the Russian Tsar Peter I and his military and financial assistance. Personal enmity between the competing republican leaders was further fuelled by the division of ranks and offices that the Sapiehas were relieved of. In 1707 Oginski's rival changed his position and sided with the Swedes and their allies - the Sapiehas and Stanislaw Leszczyński. After his rival's departure, Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński became the most influential person in the anti-Swedish and anti-Sapiehas camp in Lithuania. All ambiguity about G. A. Ogiński and position of the entire family of Oginskis had to be resolved by the nomination of G. A. Ogiński to the position of Grand Hetman in 1709. King August II, who was just able to return to the throne because of the Russian victory, could not say no to a pressing request from Peter I. For the first time in history the Oginskis were given an opportunity to become the most influential family of magnates in Lithuania. Oginski's successful career in the republican camp was determined by the consistent anti-Sapiehan position, which he did not retract from even when it could have won him the favour of August II, and his close alliance with Peter I, whose protection ensured sustainabil-ity of Oginskis' position even in the face of conflicts with the monarch and other influential republican leaders. In 1696-1709 G. A. Ogiński pushed aside all moderate republican leaders and eventually became unquestionably most influential person not only among republican leadership, but in entire Lithuania. [From the publication]