Kūno

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas kūno/erdvės ir sielos/laiko perskyros klausimas. Teigiama, kad ši metafizikinė dichotomija grindžia klasikinio mąstymo pagrindus. Todėl kūno ir sielos samprata negali būti atskirta nuo laiko ir erdvės sampratų, ir atvirkščiai – nagrinėjant erdvę ir laiką negalima išvengti sąsajų su kūno ir sielos problematika. Erdviškas kūnas yra siejamas su empirine, kauzalumo principui pavaldžia pasaulio puse, o amžina, laiką skaičiuojanti siela yra transcendentinė ir dėl savo prigimties suponuoja amžinumo ir laikinumo kontroversiją. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Kūnas; Siela; Erdvė; Laikas; Metafizika; Body; Soul; Space; Time; Metaphysics.

ENThe relationship between body and soul in classical metaphysics was always a problematic one. This issue was one of the major points of philosophical concern – starting with the Pythagorean treatment of the body as a prison for one’s soul, the Platonic and medieval distinction of temporal and eternal, and ending with the Cartesian attempt to solve the problem of body-soul dualism. The body-soul distinction was linked to the difference of space and time. St. Augustine’s presentism in his concept of time related time to the soul. The subjectivistic psychological concept of time was long based on the statement that ‘the soul counts time’. Only the modern scientific revolution opened the door for different views. This situation existed almost until Newton who tried to imply an objective mathematical measurement. However, mathematics as a sphere of pure thinking or, according to Kant, synthetic a priori knowledge, is directly linked to the thinking part of the soul in classical metaphysics. Body, on the other hand, was always treated as space, and its extensity and division – as the main properties directly revealing it.While the Modern Era tried to overcome this distinction by unifying both parts, it is still deeply rooted in the Western classical metaphysical thought. The role of Euclidean geometry is important in the classical notion of the body. For ages it has been understood as the ratio of proportions of geometrical figures expressed in Euclidean space and bounded by straight lines and points as ‘atoms’ of such geometry. Geometrization becomes especially apparent with Renaissance linear perspective. Any attempts to break this geometrical order are fruitless until the establishment of non-Euclidean geometry. One of the last classical metaphysical thinkers, Kant tried to move space and time into the sphere of pure reason. However, he failed to resolve the problem of controversy between empirical realism and transcendental idealism. This paper deals with the analysis of body-space and soul-time structures in the classical metaphysical worldview. [From the publication]