Lotyniškosios XVIII amžiaus epigraminės poezijos ypatumai

LTStraipsnio objektas – teorinė epigramos raida ir šio žanro kūrinių meninės raiškos ypatumai, būdingi XVIII amžiaus poetinei kūrybai. Iškeltos problemos sprendžiamos pirmiausia atskleidžiant epigramos sampratos sklaidą populiariausiuose Europos ir LK poetikose ir retorikose, parašytose XVI-XVIII amžiuje. Po to, remiantis jėzuitų ir pijorų spaustuvių leidiniais, aptariami būdingiausi epigraminės poezijos pavyzdžiai. Ši apžvalga parodė, kad XVIII amžiaus epigrama, iš esmės virtusi glaustu panegiriniu eilėraščiu, jau menkai beprimena antikinio modelio kūrinius, - jai nebūdingas ryškus satyriškumas, šmaikštumas, aštrumas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Epigrama; Epigraminė poezija; Retorika; Poetika; Lotynų kalba; Epigram; Epigrammatic poetry; Poetics; Rhetorics; Latin.

ENThe subject of the article is theoretical development of epigram and peculiarities of artistic expression of this genre, characteristic for the poetic compositions of the 18th century. The problems raised are dealt with by highlighting the spread of the epigram notion in the most popular poetics and rethorics of Europe and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, written in the 16th – 18th centuries. Next, on the basis of publications printed by the Jesuit and Piarist presses, the typical examples of the 18th century epigrammatic poetry are discussed. According to the survey of the theoretical development of epigram, it would seem that most of the authors of the 16th – 18th century poetics adhered to the theory of genres developed by Julius Caesar Scalliger. Scalliger’s statements were relevant to the literary theoreticians like Iacobus Pontanus, Iacobus Masenius, Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius, Iosephus Iuvencius and Filip Nereusz Golański. Some theoretical interpretations used to emphasize the poignancy of epigram; others stressed its brevity, yet none of them radically distanced themselves from the basic requirements presented by Scalliger. The survey of the 18th century epigrammatic poetry allows a conclusion that no classical epigrams following the pattern of antiquity were composed during this period. As peculiarities of Jesuit and Piarist epigrammatic poetry indicate, the epigrams tended to become simpler, turning into concise panegyric poems. Pronounced satire or poignancy is not typical of them. It is also important to note, that compositions of this genre used to be versified exclusively in elegiac distich. [From the publication]