Lyties veiksnys asmens santykyje su autoritetais: kokybinė subjektyvaus patyrimo analizė

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Collection:
Mokslo publikacijos / Scientific publications
Document Type:
Straipsnis / Article
Language:
Lietuvių kalba / Lithuanian
Title:
Lyties veiksnys asmens santykyje su autoritetais: kokybinė subjektyvaus patyrimo analizė
Alternative Title:
Gender issues in an individual’s relationship with authority: qualitative analysis of subjective experience
In the Journal:
Psichologija. 2016, t. 53, p. 101-113
Subject Category:
Summary / Abstract:

LTSantykį su autoritetais, kuriuos apibrėžiame kaip asmenis ar institucijas, pasižyminčius didesne kompetencija, žiniomis, išmintimi ar galia, galime laikyti universaliu žmogišku patyrimu. Įvairūs teoriniai darbai ir mūsų ankstesni tyrimai skatina tyrinėti santykio su autoritetais ir lyties veiksnio sąsajas – trūksta žinių apie motinos bei moterų autoritetingumą, be to, galima kelti prielaidas, kad vyrų ir moterų santykio su autoritetais kūrimo būdai yra skirtingi. Šiame straipsnyje siekiame atskleisti subjektyvų 22–25 ir 44–49 metų vyrų ir moterų santykio su abiejų lyčių autoritetais patyrimą. Atlikus pusiau struktūruotus interviu su aštuoniais vyrais ir aštuoniomis moterimis bei teminę interviu analizę, išskirtos penkios santykį su autoritetais apibūdinančios temos: priešinimasis autoritetui; autoriteto pasiekiamumas; autoriteto neigimas; autoriteto pripažinimas; panašumas į autoritetą. Moterų santykis su autoritetais, ypač moteriškosios lyties, labiau pasižymėjo artumu, asmeniškumu, vyrų – didesne distancija, racionalumu. Dauguma vyrų ir moterų neigė bent vieno iš tėvų autoritetą: tėvo – dažniausiai dėl jo pasyvumo, nutolimo nuo šeimos, motinos – dėl jos dominavimo, siekio kontroliuoti, emocingumo. Visiems vyresniesiems tyrimo dalyviams buvo būdingas stiprus poreikis priešintis autoritetams maištaujant prieš juos, tačiau moterys atskleidė ir paklusimo autoritetams situacijų, o vyrai paklusimo galimybę neigė. Jaunesniosios grupės vyrų santykis su autoritetais buvo panašesnis į moterų – jis pasižymėjo asmeniškumu, artumu, siekiu tapatintis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Santykis su autoritetais; Lytis; Priešinimasis autoritetams; Tėvas; Motina; Autoritarinio režimo padariniai; Relationship to authority; Gender; Resistance against authority; Father; Mother; Consequences of the authoritarian regime.

ENAn experience of a relationship to authority, which we understand as a person or institution superior in its competence, knowledge, wisdom or power, can be considered a universal human experience. Different theoretical publications and our own research suggest that gender issues are significant in an individual’s relationship to authority figures: feminine and maternal authority seems to be denied in favour of male and paternal authority, also the ways of relating to authority typical of men and women, as our earlier research shows, may be rather different. In this study, we explore the subjective experience of their relationship to authority of both genders of 8 men and 8 women belonging to two age groups: 22–25 years old and 44–49 years old. These age groups were chosen because of the historical context in Lithuania: the representatives of the elder group were born and grew up under the authoritarian regime of the Soviet Union, and the younger group were born already after Lithuania restored its independence in 1990. Thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews let us identify 5 main themes: Resistance against authority; Availability of authority; Denial of authority; Recognition of authority; Similarity with authority. Our female participants had a closer and more personalised relationship, especially with female authority figures, and men had a more distant and rational relationship to authority. The authority of at least one parent was usually denied, with father’s authority denied mostly because of his passivity and detachment from the family, while mothers were not considered authority because of their dominance, wish to control and high emotionality. All the elder participants had a strong need to resist authority rebelling against it, however, female participants also revealed situations of obeying their authority figures while men rejected the possibility to obey.The younger male participants’ relationship to authority was more similar to the one more typical of the female participants in its tendency to be close, personalised and based on identification. These results point to the need to continue exploring the relationship to authority of men and women of different generations in Lithuania, looking for the ways to encourage a more constructive and less defensive communication with figures of authority. [From the publication]

DOI:
10.15388/Psichol.2016.53.10035
ISSN:
1392-0359; 2345-0061
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https://www.lituanistika.lt/content/63015
Updated:
2018-12-17 14:08:39
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