Grožinės literatūros vertimas tarpukario Lietuvoje: nuo lietuvinimo tendencijos iki ekvivalentiškumo paieškų
LTStraipsnyje aiškinamasi, kaip kito požiūris į vertimo darbą ir reikalavimus vertėjams per du nepriklausomybės dešimtmečius. Glaustai pristatoma dviejų pagrindinių to meto vertimo srities figūrų – Jono Jablonskio ir Sofijos Čiurlionienės-Kymantaitės – veikla vertimo srityje, aptariamas jų indėlis į lietuviškosios teorinės vertimo minties formavimąsi ir vertimų kokybės gerėjimą. Tarpukariu vertimo srityje įvykęs didelis kokybinis šuolis matomas ne tik lyginant periodo pradžios ir pabaigos vertimus, bet ir gilinantis į periodinėje spaudoje skelbtose vertimo klausimams skirtose publikacijose reikštas nuostatas, požiūrį, pasiūlymus. Pirmajai periodo pusei būdingą siekį kitos kultūros tekstus pritaikyti savos kultūros poreikiams, dėmesį vertimo tekstui kaip autonomiškam lietuvių kalbos ir stiliaus faktui dešimtmečių sandūroje ėmė keisti dėmesys originalo stiliui, pastanga taisyklinga lietuvių kalba perteikti jo ypatybes, orientuojantis į reikšmingus literatūros kūrinius, klasikinius ir šiuolaikinius tekstus, turinčius išliekamąją vertę, atveriančius kitas kultūras, ryškėjo judesys nuo kultūrinio uždarumo, sau pakankamumo kultūrinio dialogo link. Tyrime tarpukaris atskleidžiamas kaip reikšmingas periodas formuojant teorinius grožinės literatūros vertimo į lietuvių kalbą pagrindus. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tarpukaris; Vertimo kritikos istorija; Vertimo teorijos istorija; Vertimo diskursas; Jonas Jablonskis; Sofija Čiurlionienė-Kymantaitė; Interwar period; History of translation criticism; History of translation theory; Jonas Jablonskis; Sofija Čiurlionienė-Kymantaitė.
ENThe author of this article examines changes that took place in attitudes toward translation and in demands made upon translators during the interwar period in Lithuania. Until recently, brief overviews of this period focused on the poor quality and chaotic choices of texts for literary translations during that period. But how could good translators have developed, and the quality of translations been produced, under the conditions of that era? The author posits that the period saw the emergence of new theoretical ideas about translation that led to improvements in the quality of translations and affected the work of translators and the selection of texts. With the establishment of the independent Republic of Lithuania in 1918 and the creation of a network of educational establishments, a demand for literary translations in grammatically and stylistically correct Lithuanian emerged. Literary translations of the 1920s were often characterized by adaptation, shortening, loose retelling, and recreation. The philologist Jonas Jablonskis was especially active during the interwar period. He selected texts with educational content, wrote a considerable number of translation reviews, and generally promoted linguistic quality (he critiqued translators’ language, including the use of neologisms). The end of that decade saw increasing resistance to Jablonskis’ view of the text: the idea emerged that a literary text consists primarily of style, rather than a collection of distinct words.In the transition from the 1920s to the 1930s, the tendency to adapt the texts of other cultures to the needs of the national culture – to see the translated text as an autonomous phenomenon of Lithuanian language and style – was replaced by a new attention to the style of the original work, an effort to convey its unique qualities in correct Lithuanian, and a new orientation toward meaningful works of literature. These new ideas are formulated in the writer and Lithuanian language teacher Sofija Čiurlionienė-Kymantaitė’s text Apie vertimus (About Translations, 1933). The model it extolled – of equivalence, faithfulness to the original, and intercultural dialogue – came to dominate in other writers’ publications as well. It is precisely this new view of the work of translation that led to improvements in the quality of literary translation. The study reveals the interwar period as having been crucial in laying the theoretical foundations for the translation of literary works into Lithuanian. [From the publication]
