Lietuvos senamiesčių apsaugos projektai tarptautinių paveldosaugos tendencijų kontekste

LTPlaningos ir nenutrūkstamos Lietuvos senamiesčių apsaugos tradicijos pradžia – XX a. vidurys, laikotarpis, siejamas su intensyvia moderniosios paveldosaugos minties raida ir tarptautinių organizacijų steigimu. Teorinės minties pokyčius per pastaruosius penkiasdešimt metų lydėjo nemažai tarptautinių dokumentų, įtvirtinusių kintančias paveldosaugos gaires, taikytinas ir istorinių miestų apsaugai bei valdymui. Šiame straipsnyje XX a. antros pusės – XXI a. Lietuvos senamiesčių apsaugos projektai lyginami su tarptautinėmis paveldosaugos tendencijomis, išreikštomis svarbiausiuose šio laikotarpio dokumentuose ir paveldosaugos specialistų diskusijose. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Senamiesčių apsaugos projektai; Tarptautinės paveldosaugos tendencijos; Old town conservation projects; International conservation tendencies.

ENThe uninterrupted tradition of conservation of old towns in Lithuania goes back to the middle of the 20th century – a period often associated with an intense development of the international conservation theory and establishment of various international organisations. During the last fifty years, the evolution of theoretical ideas was followed by a large number of international documents that established the changing guidelines of conservation, among them those suitable for the conservation and management of historical cities. In this article, conservation projects of Lithuanian old towns are reviewed in regard to the international conservation tendencies expressed in the most important documents and discussions of conservation professionals of the given period. Research revealed that in the case of Soviet Lithuania the context may be divided into three levels: the Soviet Union, the socialist countries and the Western world along with international organisations. Meanwhile, after the restoration of independence in Lithuania, the heritage protection system has become exclusively oriented towards the latter. It can be noticed that during this entire period the international conservation theories were quite freely interpreted when applying them in practice in Lithuania. It might seem interesting that the very first projects best complied with the theories of their time, although it should be noted that later the requirements of international documents became more and more complex, and thus, more difficult to implement. Currently, while the international doctrine stresses intangible values and a people-centred approach, the aims of Lithuanian projects are still limited to the regulation of material aspects. It means that although there are no ideological obstacles anymore, a gap between the international theory and the Lithuanian urban conservation practice has never been so prominent. [From the publication]