Lietuvos ūkis TSRS ir Rytų Pabaltyje XX amžiaus 5-6 dešimtmečiais

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos ūkis; Pabaltijys; Sovietų Sąjunga (SSRS; Soviet Union; USSR); Lithuanian economy; Baltic States; Soviet union.

ENIn the 1940s and 1950s Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (often also adding the part of Eastern Prussia called the Kaliningrad region that was incorporated into Russia after the Second World War) were considered as a unit from the political and geographical aspects (in a certain meaning – territorial administrative), although it was far from being an economic district (the more so a region) in the full meaning of this concept, at least at the beginning of the period. Despite speculations about the “scientific” and “exceptionally rational” management of the economy it was very hard to harmonise the principles of the territorial and the so-called branch-economy management in the Soviet Empire. On the other hand, the three eastern Baltic countries besides advantages without doubt had many differences. Finally, the orientation to the needs of Leningrad (the Northwestern economic region), at least in the sphere of agriculture, imposed by Moscow on Latvia and Estonia (in Estonia also on the shale industry), while on Lithuania (together with Belarus) to Moscow (the Central economic region ) did not promote deeper integration either. Despite this, an economic region was understood by the authorities from the economic aspect as a more or less compact part of a state (territory), a certain territorial industrial complex with a combination of interrelated industrial branches, certain common geographic and historic features. Analysis of statistical data makes it possible to give a qualitative description of the development of the Lithuanian economy from the end of the Second World War until 1960, as well as a concrete evaluation of the place of Lithuania in the east Baltic region and the whole Russian communist state.The qualitative indices show definitely that Lithuania’s economy lagged behind that of Latvia and Estonia; on the other hand they make it possible to claim that in the second half of the 1950s this difference was considerably reduced. Therefore, Lithuanian’s share in the Baltic states grew markedly in other than agricultural branches of the economy (from 20 percent or more in 1945 to 30 percent or more in 1960). It was different in agriculture. At the beginning of the period Lithuania’s share in the production of many branches of agricultural products that even reached from 50 to 60 percent (sometimes even more) went down to 40–50 percent at the beginning of the 1960s. [From the publication]