Lietuvių kalbos egzistenciniai sakiniai ir jų vertimas į anglų kalbą

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Anglų kalbos žodžių tvarka; Egzistenciniai sakiniai; Egzistencinis sakinys; Vertimas; Vertimas iš lietuvių į anglų kalbą; Žodžių tvarka; English word order; Existential sentence; Existential sentences; Lithuanian-English translation; Translation; Word order.

ENObservation of Lithuanian-English translations show that the frequency of existential sentences in Lithuanian (which are built on the pattern adverbial locative + verb + noun (syntactical subject)) is greater than that of the most typical existential pattern there is/are in English. Therefore translators from Lithuanian into English are faced with the problem of reconciling two seemingly contradictory requirements of English word order. According to the grammatical word order requirement, the subject of the English sentence must take a frontal position, but the communicative function of a rhematic subject in existential sentences requires postponing it to the end of the sentence. The article demonstrates that, in addition to the there is/are pattern, the most obvious English equivalent of Lithuanian existential sentences, translators can avail themselves of other possibilities of postponing what is a rhematic subject in Lithuanian existential sentences to the end of the English sentence. notably, extension of the there is/are pattern with a present/past participial group; inverted sentences and their extensions with a present/past participial group; and conversive syntactical equivalents of existential sentences, which present the denotative existential situation from the different perspectives of its two obligatory participants (actants). [From the publication]

• Existential sentences in English and Lithuanian : a contrastive study / Violeta Kalėdaitė. Frankfurt am Main : Peter Lang, 2002. 247 p.
• Focus and perspective in the selection of lexical converses / Nijolė Maskaliūnienė. Kalbotyra. 2003, t. 53 (3), p. 71-77.
• Intranzityvinių sakinių tipai: egzistenciniai, lokatyviniai ir posesyviniai sakiniai / Axel Holvoet. Gramatinių funkcijų tyrimai / Axel Holvoet, Rolandas Mikulskas (red.). Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2005. P. 139-160.