ENFor the economical, spiritual and social situation in Lithuanian country are characteristic a lot of problems. It requires activating policy of agricultural and rural development. The new requirement for the development of Lithuanian agriculture and rural development raises the integration in EU. In this article the conceptions of the rural development and the spiritual rural development. Analysed strategically Lithuanian documents for that question and EU documents. Made conclusion that the rural development should be understood as totality of economical, social and spiritual processes. According to the Lithuanian agriculture economical and social facts of life maintain that the cultural development is a necessary condition for rural development. The spiritual development of the rural people must be the final purpose of the rural development. In the article are analysed some tendencies of evolution of Lithuanian rural culture. It shows that growing bigger the break between the city and the country people. Indicates the tendency of rural young people cultural backwardness from older people. Weakening of the rural culture potential may have a serious problem for the rural development. In article are critically estimating the official conception of rural development. Made conclusion, that not understanding that process in deep, the purpose of the process can not be successful rural development. [From the publication]