Prancūzų karybos įtaka Liunevilio ir Varšuvos kadetų mokyklose Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštytės bajorams

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Abiejų Tautų Respublika (ATR; Rzeczpospolita Obojga Narodów; Žečpospolita; Sandrauga; Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Bajorija; Kadetų mokyklos; Karininkas; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lunevilio kadetų mokykla; Luneville; Prancūzų karyba; Varšuva; Varšuvos kadetų mokykla; Cadet schools; French warfare; Luneville; Luneville Cadet School; Noblemen; Officer; Warsaw; Warsaw Cadet School.

ENFrom the sixteenth century the establishment of a cadet school was discussed in the Polish-Lithuanian Republic. The Cadet-Noblemen School intended for the noblemen of the Duchy of Bar and Lorraine, and of the Republic was established at the initiative of King Stanislaw (Stanislav, Stanislaus) Leszczynski, in 1737 in Lunéville, in the Duchy of Lorraine (Duché de Lorraine). When Stanislaw died in 1766 and Lorraine joined the Kingdom of France, the school was closed. The Warsaw Cadet School of Stanislaw Augustus, the King of the Republic, was then opened in Warsaw. The Lunéville Cadet School served the convergence of Lorraine and the Kingdom of France. It may also be assumed that the school, thanks to its graduates, helped to unite the families which supported Stanislaw Leszczynski with the families who supported Augustus III, the opponent of Stanislaw in 1733–1734. Furthermore, we know that the Polish and Lithuanian graduates joined to serve in the French army, and some of them became generals or held other senior positions in the Polish-Lithuanian Republic. The graduates of the Warsaw Cadet School made a bigger contribution to the warfare of the Republic and its political life. It should be noted that the Cadet School established by Stanislaw Augustus nurtured not only a new generation of competent Polish and Lithuanian officers, but also the leaders of the reconstruction and revival of the Republic. Warsaw cadet graduates were evidence of the country’s independent development and its potential to restructure. Teachers of different nationalities taught in the Lunéville and Warsaw schools where the Lithuanian noblemen studied. Among them were a number of French officers who shared their knowledge and experience providing valuable military education for young people of the Republic.This article examines the impact these schools had on the Lithuanian officers trained there, and the significance of the activities of cadet schools for the entire country, in the military and political sense. In addition to various publications published, data about the Lunéville school found in the French military archives (Service historique de l’armée de terre – SHAT, in the city of Vincennes) was also used in the article. The information about the Warsaw Cadet School was found in the Czartoryski Library in Krakow (Biblioteka Książąt Czartoryskich) and the State Historical Fund in Warsaw (Archiwum Główne Akt Dawnych w Warszawie). [From the publication]

• Politikos mokslai / Political sciences
• Istorija / History