Gyvenamieji tarpukario interjerai: tarp idealo ir galimybių

LTStraipsnio objektas - gyvenamieji tarpukario miestiečių interjerai. Siekiama atskleisti įvairių socialinių grupių būsto apstatymo tendencijas, apibūdinti ideologijos nulemtas skonio apraiškas, tautiškumo ir modernumo santykį buitinėje aplinkoje. Remiamasi istoriniu-kultūriniu ir faktografiniu-analitiniu metodais, rašytine ir ikonografine medžiaga (fotografijomis, išleistais amžininkų prisiminimais, autentiškais apstatymo pavyzdžiais ir memorialinių namų-muziejų rekonstrukcijomis). Aiškinamasi, kokios butų apstatymo naujovės buvo priimtinos tarpukario piliečiams, koks buvo jų santykis su propaguotu tautiniu stiliumi ir modernizmo apraiškomis kasdienėje aplinkoje. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe aim of the present paper is to discuss the interiors of the interwar period belonging to people of different social groups and known from iconographic sources (works of literature, photographs, and the furnishing of memorial houses-museums). The author seeks to show different styles, which were determined by ideology, as well as the proportion of nationality and modernity in everyday surroundings. Secular interiors of independent Lithuania can be called a cultural heritage from the obscure and distant past Society, which had been formed in the interwar period, was scattered by forced emigration and massive exiles in the years of Soviet occupation. However, the historical memory, even though having been suppressed for five decades, remained relevant until that time. The existing data reveals the efforts of the state to become part of the modern world and adopt the progressive standards of European society. It was important for interwar Lithuanians to adjust to the changing conditions of life. People living both in luxurious and modest homes felt the demand for modernity. Even though the new way of life was strongly advocated, the position of interwar citizens was determined by their situation. They would choose those corresponded to their status and possibilities. It was only seldom that they would decide to accept radical changes. Economy and rationality were equally characteristic of the citizens of high social standing and the middle class.The furnishing of living spaces was also determined by the ideal of a cosy home advertised by conservative society. The everyday aesthetics of the intelligentsia of that time was formed under the influence of the still existing aristocratic traditions. It was stimulated by the ideas of coexistence of spiritually akin people, which placed emphasis on the historical and cultural past. Interiors of Lithuanian interwar living spaces were diverse. There was no distinct division between the modern and the national styles. The interiors reveal not only a large variety of concepts of taste, comfort and representation, but also the need to express national identity, which was typical of all social classes, and the tendency to exotica, which was characteristic of Europe at that time. Interiors are characterised by Biedermeierstyle comfort. In the understanding of a cosy interior, European tendencies intertwined with the traditions fostered in villages and manors. Special sentimental trifles and relics of the family's past were important. [From the publication]