Linoleumas XIX a. pabaigos XX a. pradžios vilniečių namuose: praktinė nauda ir estetika

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamas antroje XIX a. pusėje išrastos naujos grindų dangos - linoleumo - išplitimas vilniečių namuose XIX a. pabaigoje - XX a. pradžioje. Pristatomi šių medžiagų gaminę Rusijos imperijos fabrikai Rygoje („Provodnik“) ir Liepojoje („Wicander & Larson“) ir aptariamas jų produkcijos dekoras. Keliamos hipotezės apie linoleumo ornamentikos dermę su kitais Vilniaus namų interjerų elementais. [Iš leidinio]

ENA new floor covering, invented by the English engineer Frederick Walton ca. 1860 and called linoleum, was launched for industrial production in 1863 and before long became popular in the interiors of not only Victorian England, but also all over Europe. From the last decades of the 19th century until World War II Germany strongly competed with England in this field: large factories were established, and linoleum designs were created by the most famous architects and interior designers of that time. Linoleum manufacturers of the Russian Empire, which operated in Riga and Liepaja from the 1880s and actively promoted their production for the residents of Vilnius, should also be mentioned in this context. In the research of the history of Lithuanian interiors, attention has not been drawn to the significance of linoleum invented in the middle of the 19th century for the development of decor Moreover, a considerable part of heritage specialists considered linoleum a late product of mass industrial production and did not put any effort in trying to preserve at least small fragments of it.While referring to the advertisements found in the Vilnius periodical press of the second half of the 19th - early 20th century and the surviving production catalogues of the Riga Provodnik factory and the Liepaja Wicander & Larson factory, the author of the present paper describes the activity of these manufacturers in the Russian Empire, and discusses how the new material took root in the living interiors of the residents of Vilnius. Having failed to establish in situ any authentic examples of linoleum of the late 19th - early 20th century and prove the advanced hypothesis about the significance of linoleum for the development of interior decoration and its harmony with other decor elements, tentative reconstructions of interior decoration with linoleum are presented in the paper. [From the publication]