Optimalaus kraštovaizdžio sampratos problema

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Gamtinė aplinka; Informacijos nestabilumas; Kraštovaizdžio struktūra; Optimalus kraštovaizdis; Optimizacija; Samprata; Techninis pakeičiamumas; Visuomeniniai veiksniai; Visuomenės suvokimas; Conception; Information instability; Landscape structure; Natural environment; Optimal landscape; Optimization; Optimum landscape; Public perceptibility; Social factors; Technical changeability.

ENRecently, sharpened by rapidly growing contrast between nature and society, the problems of landscape optimization become more and more pressing. It is important to find a way to guarantee the existence and further development of society and at the same time to secure the balance dynamics of natural environment. The optimum can scarcely be determined because of the complex and multi-layer structure of landscape. This is one of the main reasons why optimization of landscape is still failing to keep pace with the development of economy. Even the basic concepts of the optimum are not well defined and the methodology of evaluation differs. The main problem is the variable and ambiguous treatment of the optimum concept itself, the development of which was strongly influenced by ideas of both humanization and naturalization of landscape, often coming to the extreme in form of economical or natural determinism. Meanwhile, it is widely recognized that for rational optimization it is necessary to consider all components of a landscape with equal weights. Evaluation of anthropoecological criteria is also important during the process of optimization. Such a view is probably most suitable to create an optimal system where both natural and social factors are taken into account. It is more rational than the principles of natural or techno-economical priorities, which are still applied in landscape management.Considering the changeability of the society structure, the concept of its needs and expected results of optimization in land management ought to be changeable as well. In general, the concept of landscape optimum and trends of its changes depend on three factors: 1. Public perceptibility. 2. Information instability . 3. Thechnical changeability. The weight of the above-mentioned factors is determined by I.Economical conditionality as the leading factor. Attempts to simplify the problem of landscape optimum and solve it by only some few variables of landscape structure are obstructive in rational land management. In fact, simplifying the problem requires deep analysis and knowledge of a landscape system first. We admit that the optimum of a system containing two antipodal components is a very difficult problem, because the survival and safe development on one component causes digression of another one. Therefore the concept of optimum landscape is always relative to the objectives and trends of changes in the landscape structure. [From the publication]