Išryškinti ir papuošti: ankstyvųjų Vilniaus spaudinių ornamentika

LTŠio straipsnio tikslas yra išryškinti smulkiųjų grafinių elementų, naudotų Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ankstyvuosiuose spaudiniuose kaip knygos dekoras, funkciją ir kilmę. Knygų spauda - atvežtinis menas, o spaustuvės įranga tapo vienu svarbesnių šio amato įrankių, dažniausiai keliaudavusių kartu su pačiu spaustuvininku. Kalbant apie LDK ankstyvųjų spaudinių knygos ornamentinius elementus, siekiama išsiaiškinti, kiek jų buvo atsivežama, kokie buvo kuriami vietoje ir kaip tai formavo meninę kūrinių išvaizdą. Straipsnyje analizuojamas pintinio ornamento plitimas ir transformacijos LDK Renesanso spaudiniuose. [Iš leidinio]

ENThe article aims to reveal the function and origin of fine graphic elements that were used in early printed publications of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as book decor. It analyses in more detail the spread of braided pattern and its transformations in printed Renaissance publications of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The establishment of printing in the GDL was encouraged by the Reformation. Printing houses were usually based near universities in the beginning because knowledge, science and art of printing were closely related. Together with a powerful wave of Reformation from Germany, the spread of pastoral care literature and translations of the Holy Scripture began. The Reformation both encouraged the publication of various religious books in national languages and served as the impulse for the foundation of printing houses. The owners of printing houses that came to Vilnius mostly originated from Krakow which was a book publishing centre nearest to Lithuania and the persons who learned the craft of printing were nor restricted by a language barrier. From the 4th decade of the 16th century to the 1st quarter of the 17th century, several quite famous printers were active who published production of somewhat different natures and styles. The printing house of the Jesuit Academy was more conservative in comparison with the Reformers printing house or commercial printing houses of city's residents while the Reformers printing house was more modern both in terms of book form and use of decor even though the equipment was often lent by one printer to another.The most notable example of such lending is the tide page of the "Postil" by Mikalojus Daukša. Braided pattern was one of the most popular motifs of ornamentation in the book art. It was strongly influenced by calligraphy even though braided pattern had old traditions and was widely spread in the European art of the Middle Ages. Braided ornaments were widely used in manuscript books and documents and also spread in early printed publications: in initials, tailpieces or vignettes. The braided ornament dominated the decor of the whole Europe in the 16th century. Printed publications of Vilnius were characterised by the fact that religious confession of the owner of the printing house in principle determined the characteristics of book decoration and style. When comparing the decor of manuscript books and printed books, it can be seen that they are very similar as the printed book tried to preserve the character developed in the manuscript tradition. The adaptation of local manuscript traditions in printed publications is most clearly expressed in state-commissioned publications. [From the publication]