ENThe article discusses the change in the evaluations of the historiography and ideology of one historic date - the Constitution of 3 May 1791 - in the public academic and political discourse of Lithuania from the inter-war period up to now. Despite the apparent "narrowness" this plot reflects and illustrates perhaps the most important deep conflict inherent in the images of Lithuanian statehood and national identity. The unexpectedly sharp political quarrels and debates, arising in 2007 after the proposal of parliament deputy Emanuelis Zingeris to include the Constitution in the list of the Memorial Days of the Republic of Lithuania would indicate that this topic was just one of the indicators of an up to now unsolved problem - with what image of the common past with Poland can one rely in forming the national identity and how does it influence relations both with the national Polish minority and our closest neighbor Poland in the ever changing geo-political field? The expert role of professional historians in these discussions, even though it was weighty, however did not become essential, especially since the very workshop of historians demonstrated a sharp value fragmentation on this question, caused by different approaches to the state development of post-Lublin Lithuania and the place and importance of the Constitution in it.And although this significant date by the decision of the Seimas [parliament] of the Republic of Lithuania finally got into the list of Memorial Days, however, it did not solve the contradictions, still nestled in the evaluations of the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the two still existing models of Lithuanian nationalism - ethno-linguistic and multicultural civil. [From the publication]