ENIn “Disagreeable but Indispensable: Jews and the Gentry Society of Lithuania in the Mid-Nineteenth Century“ Zita Medišauskienė seeks to reconstruct the traditional attitude of the Lithuanian social elite-the nobil- ity-toward the Jews. The main goal of her research is to explain how 19th century noble literature came to contain a “standard portrait of the Jew.” In Medišauskienė’s view, religiously influenced stereotypes, a negative attitude toward Jewish commercial activity, and the assumption that the Jews had no sympathy for the Lithuanian nobility’s political aims led to the status of the Jew as a completely alien element in noble culture.