"Tautos" ir "nacijos" sampratos problema

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjami politinėje erdvėje, ypač politinėje geografijoje, aktualūs „tautos“ ir „nacijos“ apibrėžimai bei šių sąvokų formavimasis angliškoje ir lietuviškoje mokslinėje literatūroje. Pateikiama nagrinėjamų sąvokų problemiškumo genezė, atskirų autorių išskiriamų jas formuojančių veiksnių ir apibūdinančių požymių analizė. Bandoma išryškinti bendras angliškos ir lietuviškos literatūros tendencijas, taip pat abiejų terminų interpretacijų atskirose kalbinėse terpėse skirtumus. Remiantis atlikta literatūros šaltinių analize, pateikiami „tautos“ ir „nacijos“ sąvokų apibrėžimai, apjungiantys angliškoje ir lietuviškoje terpėse išaiškintus veiksnius bei požymius. Teigiama, kad neįmanoma visiškai tiksliai apibrėžti šių sąvokų vien remiantis pagrindiniais ar papildomais požymiais, nes tai yra politiniai terminai, dažnai orientuoti ir integruoti į konkrečią politinę sistemą, besiskiriančią savo atsiradimu bei raida, o pastaroji savaip gali interpretuoti šiuos terminus. Kaip perspektyvinė tolesnių tyrimų kryptis politinės geografijos kontekste yra nurodoma užduotis parengti „nacijų“ paplitimo pasaulyje žemėlapį įvertinant pačių „nacijų“ išsivystymo laipsnį. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Nacija; Nacionalizmas; Savimonė; Solidarumas; Tauta; Valstybė; Nation; Nationalism; Nationality; People; Self-consciousness; Solidarity.

ENThe article focuses on the concepts of "nationality" and "nation". The authors present an analysis of the terms of "nationality" ("people") and nation in the Lithuanian and English. Interpretation of the "nation" and "nationality" is one of the most significant problems of political geography, history, ethnology and others. "Nationality" ("people") is traditionally identified as a large group of people who share a common language, culture, history and territory. According to the authors of the article, the "nationality" is formed by identity, nationhood, homeland, language, culture, historical memory, ethnic basis, common origin, common list of acceptable names, often common social, economic and political life as well as solidarity. The more complex structure of society is a "nation". The word "nation" came to English from the old French word "nacion", which in turn originates from the Latin word "natio" literally meaning that which has been born. The "nation" began to emerge in the late 18th century as the leading form of government and social organization. The "nation" was traced to the French Revolution and ideas deriving from 18th century French philosophers. The "nations" are a modern quasiethnic phenomenon arising from the primary "people". The main signs of "nation" are identified as integrated statehood, but according to the authors of the article, the "nation" is formed by citizenship, nationalism, self-consciousness and solidarity. As for the sense of "nationality" or the "nation", the most frequently mentioned are the distinctive features that are clearly important to the "nationality" or the "nation", but the "nationality’s" and the "nation’s" essence lies in the factors that shape the realities identi.It is one of the distinctive features of exclusion and the factors shaping the full or partial discrimination with regard to the definition of a "nationality" or a "nation", and is determined by the current problematic existence. It should be noted that some of factors forming the "people" and "nation" are transformed accordingly. It turns national identity into a nationality and nationalism into a patriotism, respectively, also increasing the importance of solidarity. However, the statehood and citizenship clearly and constructively examine the boundary between the two concepts. It is understood that all of the definitions only reflect trends in the interpretation of the concept of scientific literature. The definition versions of the "nationality" and the "nation" given in the article should never be perfect or fully completed – both ethnic people as a political phenomenon and "nation" state as a national phenomenon are multifaceted, dynamic, even with some transcendent elements, therefore they simply cannot be fully included in a short static form of definitions. This article represents only the initial part of the "nationality’s" and "nation’s" methodological research complex. As a viable political geographical direction of research in this problematique should be global mapping of "nations", not yet available, but very necessary, including a classification of "nations" according to their development and distribution of these compounds. [From the publication]