Ekonominės įtampos veiksnių teritorinės raiškos Lietuvoje ypatybės
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Darbo užmokestis; Ekonominė įtampa; Ekonominės įtampa; Teritorinė raiška; Užsienio investicijos; Economic tension; Economical tension; Foreign investment; Lithuania; Territorial expression; Wages.
ENRapid transformation changes that are contradictory and not always predictable take place in the former countries of command economy. These changes are influenced by faltering political and ideological impact on economy, formation of market economy assumptions and changes in the structure of ownership. Contemporary social and economic development of Lithuania is a system of complicated and contradictory processes that require more thorough complex investigations. The goal of this article is to analyse the territorial dispersion of economic tension through three edificatory indices that reflect the differentiation of living standards of society, to establish low, medium and high tension areas by indicating the most important reasons that determine the peculiarities of territorial expression in the country. Three edificatory indices reflecting the differentiation of economic level of the society wellbeing were used for analysis of economic tension. These indices are the unemployment level, average monthly gross wages, material and direct sum of foreign investments for one inhabitant. The complex evaluation of economic tension was performed by all three indices. Territorial analysis covered correlation of statistical indices of district and large town municipalities in the years 1996 to 2003 that were published in the publications of the Statistical Department. Within the period analysed the unemployment level in Lithuania rose from 7.1 % in 1996 to 10.3 % in 2003 (according to the data of labour exchange). As can be seen in Figs 1 and 2 the high tension area of unemployment level increased thus forming quite a large compact territory of the country. Changes in economy transformation had strong effect on this factor. Average monthly gross wages in the country within the period analysed increased from 618 to 1073 Litas, nevertheless it still remains one of the lowest values among the countries newcomers to the EU.As can be seen from Figs 2 and 3 the high tension area decreased with respect to this index. The tension decreased due to microeconomic and macroeconomic changes. High tension was determined by distribution of economy sectors in district and town municipalities as well as difference in wages between state and private sectors. The biggest changes in the country took place with respect to material and direct foreign investments that increased within the period analysed from 1564 to 6488 Litas for one inhabitant. As can be seen in Figs 4 and 5 the territory of the country contracted with respect to the strength of tension. This factor was influenced by economic heritage, reform of economy performed by the government, privatisation process, successful and stable activities of financial sector, etc. Complex evaluation of economic tension by three indices (Fig. 6) demonstrated that almost the whole territory of the country was included into the high tension area. Klaipėda, Klaipėda district, Palanga, Panevėžys, Kaunas, Vilnius can be attributed to the low tension area while Šiauliai, Marijampolė, Alytus town municipalities and Mažeikiai, Jonava, Kaišiadorys, Ignalina and Vilnius district municipalities can be attributed to the medium tension area. [From the publication]
