"Ak, kur dingot jūs, lietuviškos gadynėlės": sociokultūrinė lietuvių kalbos situacija tarpukario Tilžėje

LTIštyrus pasirinktus empirinius duomenis, straipsnyje aptariama Rytprūsių lietuvių gimtosios kalbos situacija XX a. 3-4 dešimtmečiais, detalizuojamos su ja susijusios kalbinės bendruomenės nuostatos ir visuomenininkų iniciatyvos. Tilžėje ir Nemunynėje koncentravęsi dvikalbiai Rytprūsių lietuviai privačiai vartojo gimtąją kalbą, suvokė ją kaip nuo Lietuvos lietuvių kalbos besiskiriantį variantą, dėl akultūracijos ir socialinės dvikalbystės tapusį kalbų mišiniu, tačiau atitinkantį jų komunikacinius poreikius. Iniciatyvos, raginusios orientuotis į Lietuvos lietuvių kalboje vykdomas leksikos ir rašybos reformas, buvo nepriimtinos savitą tautinę tapatybę susiformavusiems Rytprūsių lietuviams. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Dvikalbystė; Interakcijos strategija spaudoje; Privačioji kalbos vartojimo sfera; Rytprūsių lietuvių kalba; Tautinė savimonė; Visuomeninė; Visuomeninė dvikalbystė; East Prussian's Lithuanian language; East Prussians' Lithuanian language; Interaction strategy in press; National consciousness; Private sphere of the language usage; Social bilingualism.

ENThe article analyzes the situation of the East Prussian Lithuanians’ native language in Tilžė - the cradle of Lithtianianism of this country till World War 2 - in the 1930’s and 1940’s. The research of the selected empirical data (archival documents, Lithuanian press of interwar Tilžė, contemporaries’ recollections) details the relation between the distinctive attitudes of the linguistic community and the initiatives of this country’s public activists which do not always correspond to the attitudes mentioned. During the interwar period, bilingual East Prussian Lithuanians also privately used their native language, they were concentrated in Tilžė and in the surrounding villages as well as in the remote fishermen’s village of Nemunyne. Vydūnas and the family of Lithuanian press publishers - Jagomastai talked about the preservation of the Lithuanian language in East Prussia under the conditions of bilingualism.Having faced much hostility from the authorities, such public activists continued their cultural work and took care of the preservation of the language (they arranged courses of the Lithuanian language, published Lithuanian press). These public activists were financially supported by the government of Lithuania. East Prussian Lithuanians saw their native language as a distinctive variant which differed from the Lithuanian language of Lithuania in general but rather had become a mixture of languages due to acculturation and social bilingualism. However, it matched their communication needs. Initiatives which encouraged to modernize spelling, become close with the Lithuanian language of Lithuania and pay attention to the reforms of lexis and orthography being carried out in it were unacceptable to East Prussian Lithuanians who had already formed their distinctive national identity. [From the publication]

• Kalbotyra / Linguistics
• Literatūrologija / Literary Studies