Kurortų darnios plėtros principai ir sąlygos

LTDabartiniu laikotarpiu Lietuvos kurortai patiria skausmingą transformacijos laikotarpį, iš tradicinių gydomųjų („sanatorinių“) kurortų virsdami šiuolaikinėmis daugialypėmis turistinėmis vietovėmis. XXI a. pradžioje vis aktualesnis tampa darnios kurortų plėtros poreikis. Straipsnyje apibendrinami šiuolaikinių kurortų darnios plėtros principai, kurie atitinka regioninės ir nacionalinės teritorijos ilgalaikės tvarios plėtros sąlygas, pritaikant Lietuvai įvairiose pasaulio šalyse skirtingiems kurortų tipams nustatytas darnios plėtros taisykles, taip pat atsižvelgiant ir į neigiamas intensyvios kurortų plėtros pasekmes bei pamokas. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Darni plėtra; Kurortas; SPA vadyba; Spa; Tvarus vystymasis kurortas; Valdymas; Management; Resort; Spa; Spa management; Sustainable development.

ENLithuanian resorts and spa currently experience a rather painful period of transformation – from Soviet-type medicinal resorts into modern multiple-purpose tourist destinations. Worldwide, the need for the sustainable development of resorts and spa becomes ever more increasing. This paper highlights the sustainable development principles of modern ("post-mass") resorts and spa that are congruent to conditions of the sustainable spatial organization of a regional or national territory. Author collected, collated and adapted for the Lithuanian conditions good practices from the recent development of resorts and spa worldwide. The sustainable development principles for the post-mass resorts and spa comprise three rules for the seaside resort development, one rule for the golf resort development and two generic pre-conditions for the sustainable development of resorts and spa. The first rule of the sustainable seaside resort development in the beginning of the 21st century requires leaving the beach void of any permanent constructions in order to ensure the stability of the beach and its resilience to the wave action. The second rule of the sustainable seaside resort development in the beginning of the 21st century requires applying the principle of "nested" planning for a seaside resort: a long-shore chain of "nested" settlements rather than a centralized agglomeration should be preferred while planning a seaside resort. These ‘nested settlements should be linked by a long-shore transport corridor or a promenade. The third rule of the sustainable seaside resort development in the beginning of the 21st century demands strict protection of the foredune (where it is available) from trampling, erosion, deflation and other ways of its degradation by use.The principal rule of the sustainable golf resort development in the beginning of the 21st century requires avoiding nature reserves and other valuable natural or semi-natural habitats while choosing the location of a golf course. The first generic pre-condition for the sustainable development of resorts and spa requires minimizing human intervention into the natural environment of a resort. The second generic pre-condition for the sustainable development of resorts and spa requires delegating the real decision-taking powers in the resort planning process to resort administrations instead of private developers. All highlighted principles of the sustainable development of resorts and spa emphasize the need of harmony of the resort development with preservation of its natural environment and social fabric. Since a wrong resort development strategy is socially more painful than any other investment failure, the sustainable resort development process must involve all local stakeholders – from the local administration to a broader community comprising different interest groups and associations. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics