Eustachijus Tiškevičius ir etnologinio pobūdžio žinios
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Etnografija; Etnologija; Eustachijus Tiškevičius; Istoriografija; 19 amžius; Lietuvos archeologija; Lietuvos etnografija; Lietuvos etnologija; VLAK; VSM; Vilniaus laikinoji archeologinė komisija; Vilniaus senienų muziejus.
ENEustachy Tyszkiewicz's contribution to archaeology and history, above all, to collecting antiquities and establishing the Museum of Antiquities in Vilnius is well known. However, researchers have recently drawn attention to ethnological knowledge that can be found in his written works. The article aims to look at Tyszkiewicz's works, which show his interest in ethnological and ethnographic material. It discusses the specific features of his approach, the ways of seeing and describing things, the contents of his ethnographic descriptions and their historiographic value, as well as the relationship to the scientific and intellectual contexts of his time. The author of the article emphasises that in all respects Tyszkiewicz was an individual of the 19th century who saw history as inseparable from archaeology, ethnography and folklore, and explored not only historical facts and events, but also lifestyles, customs, folk songs and proverbs of the past and antiquities. His understanding of history was typical of that period and attached great meaning to cultural and social rather than political contexts, and the nation as the subject of history, and was reminiscent of the project of universal history, which became popular in the period of Enlightenment. Tyszkiewicz's focus on the people and the country is evident in his descriptions of various places of the Barysaw district (Belarus) and Biržai (Lithuania) in Opisanie powiatu Borysowskiego... ("Description of the Barysaw District", Vilnius, 1847) and Birže: Rzut oka na przeszhšč tniasta, zamku i ordynacyi.("Biržai. A Glimpse into the Past of the Town, the Castle and the Majorat", St. Petersburg, 1869). However, his other works, for example, Obrazy domowego poiycia na Litwie ("Views of Daily Life in Lithuania", vol. 2, Krakow, 1867), reflect his way of seeing and describing things with great attention to detail. The stories in Obrazy domowego poiycia na Litwie, which are quite often considered to be fiction, actually might be classified as a kind of ethnographic and literary descriptions that were popular among individuals interested in science at that time. In the preface of Obrazy domowego poiycia na Litwie Tyszkiewicz explains to the readers that these descriptions are characteristic/дсг5, which he started to record since long ago. They have no plot or intrigue, and are designed as collections of various images, like pictures or "written photographs" taken from the reality of the Lithuanian people and country. This work by Tyszkiewicz also confirms that the trend of realism in literature and positivism in science contributed to the appearance of a considerable amount of such representations of the reality of life and works of literature (Libera 1995). The author of the article also draws attention to the way Tyszkiewicz saw Lithuania and Lithuanians. She emphasises that next to the cultural and social patterns of Lithuanian identity he places history, which he finds reflected in the language, folklore or folk songs. This image of Lithuania and Lithuanians is characteristic of Polish historiography or those who wrote in Polish. Keywords: Ethnography; Ethnology; Eustachy Tyszkiewicz; Historiography; Lithuanian XIX c. history; Lithuanian archaeology; Lithuanian ethnography; Lithuanian ethnology; The Vilnius Museum of Antiquities; The Vilnius Temporary Archaeological Commission. [From the publication]
