Pirmojo pasaulinio karo atgarsiai Prano Domšaičio kūryboje

LTPublikaciją šia tema parengti paskatino Latvijos nacionalinio dailės muziejaus (Latvijas Nacionalais mokslas muzejs) surengta programos „Ryga - Europos kultūros sostinė 2014“ („Riga - 2014. gada Eiropas kultūras galvaspilsėta“) tarptautinė dailės paroda „1914“, skirta Pirmojo pasaulinio karo pradžios šimtmečiui paminėti. Joje tarp 340 tapybos, grafikos, skulptūros kūrinių ir fotografijų iš Centrinės ir Rytų Europos šalių buvo eksponuojami ir du tapytojo Prano Domšaičio paveikslai. Publikacijoje, remiantis autorės pastaraisiais metais surinkta medžiaga, aptariami kai kurie P. Domšaičio tapyboje 1910-1920 m. (tai dailininko kūrybos temų ir motyvų formavimuisi itin svarbus laikotarpis) įvykę pokyčiai ir jiems įtaką padarę veiksniai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Berlynas; Karaliaučiaus dailės akademija; Laisvasis secesionas; Lovisas Corinthas; Pirmasis pasaulinis karas, 1914-1918 (Didysis karas; World War I); Pranas Domšaitis; Tapyba; XX a. 1 ir 2 dešimtmečių dailė; Academy; Art; Berlin; First World War; Kionigsberg; Konigsberg Art Academy; L.Corinth; Lovis Corinth; P. Domšaitis; Painting; Pranas Domsaitis; Secession.

ENThe international exhibition ‘1914’, where among 340 paintings, drawings, sculptures and photos from the Central and Eastern Europe countries, two paintings of the painter Pranas Domšaitis have been exhibited, was held in the Latvian National Museum of Art and dedicated for the event ‘European Capital of Culture 2014 - Riga’ inspired this publication. In this text, based on historical material accumulated by the author in recent years, some of the artist’s creative themes, their formation and influential factors in a very important period from 1910 to 1920 are presented to the reader. The First World War interrupted the process of successful cultural life of ethnic communities (Lithuanian, Polish, Russian, Jewish) in Lithuania, that at the time, was a part of the Russian Empire. Cultural life concentrated mainly in Vilnius. Since the first Lithuanian art exhibition held in 1907, Lithuanian art rapidly developed in Vilnius. In this context, creative work of Lithuanian artists who lived in other European countries stands out. Before the Second World War P. Domšaitis (1880-1965) one of the most prominent 20th c. Lithuanian exile art representatives, originated from Lithuania Minor lived and worked in Germany. Born in the village Kruopynai (Ger. Cropiens, Kropiens, Rus. Gajeva) in a family of farmers, from 1907 to 1910 P. Domšaitis studied painting in the Königsberg Art Academy (Ger. Königsberg, Rus. Kaliningrad).In the second decade of the 20th c. artist lived alternately in Berlin and native Kruopynai, continued to improve painting skills with Lovis Corinth, participated in group exhibitions in Germany, studied in different European countries. When the First World War started, P. Domšaitis was in Norway, where he met Edvard Munch. In 1917, artist was mobilized and served in Tilsit (Rus. Sovetks). Around the year 1918, the first images of war refugees appeared in his paintings. The most important event of the decade for P. Domšaitis was his first personal exhibition in 1919 held in Ferdinand Möller’s gallery in Berlin. In the flayer of his first personal exhibition the list of artworks and the year of their creation are specified. From this it is possible at least preliminary learn about creative motives of P. Domšaitis and its chronology at early stages of his career. During this period artist tried to reveal the realities of the First World War, refugees’ problems and relate them with the Escape to Egypt storyline. The analysis of creator’s specific artworks (‘The Road Through the Fields’ (around the year 1918), ‘Lithuanian Rural Landscape’ (1918), ‘Escape to Egypt’ (1918) shows the true-to-life experiences, the fate of the refugee merged with biblical and universal human history. As the war was receding from the artist’s life the dramatic nature of a native home loss was rapidly changing into bright and joyous biblical motives - the Birth of Jesus, the Glorification. [From the publication]