Baltijos kelio poetika

LTBaltijos kelio tyrimai įprastai apsiriboja istorinių, politinių diskursų analize, kuri atskleidžia tik dalį prasminės visumos. Straipsnyje plėtojama kompleksiška šio reiškinio samprata leidžia jį perinterpretuoti, aktualizuojant ne ti(e)k jo kontekstą, semantiką, bet raišką ir stilistines ypatybes. Baltijos kelias aptariamas kaip sudėtinis dinamiškas darinys, sudarytas iš įvairialypių reikšmės vienetų: subjekto praktikų - gestų, judesių, pozų ir kitų išraiškos formų, jo verčių - idealų bei aksiologinio turinio bei kontekstinių elementų - istorinių naratyvų ir jais perteikiamų siužetų. Teigiama, kad Baltijos kelias – atskaitos taškas, atskleidžiantis trijų Baltijos šalių tautinę savimonę, nurodantis idealųjį politinės ir socialinės elgsenos modelį, išreikštą ritualizuota, teatralizuota forma. Jis gretinamas su „gražiu gestu“ - neįprasta, paradoksalia elgsena, kuri steigia naują socialinę tvarką ir siūlo stilizuotą „gyvenimo formą“. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Baltijos kelias; Gražus gestas; Ritualinė elgsena; Simbolis; Socialinis patyrimas; Socialinė praktika; Subjektas; Tautinis tapatumas; „gražus gestas“; Beautiful gesture; Beautiful gesture (beau geste); National identity; Ritual behaviour; Social experience; Social practice; Subject; Symbol; The Baltic Way.

ENThe present article focuses on the Baltic Way - a peaceful mass demonstration or a social action in solidarity of three Baltic States, claimed the longest chain of people and included in the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. It is analyzed as a social and cultural phenomenon, to be more specific - as a socio-cultural practice. In other words, as a complex and extensive notional totality, involving both subject practices - gestures, movements, postures and other forms of expression, sensory and social experience, and its axiological content - ideals, morality and contextual elements - dramatic historical narratives, sentimentalised representations. The proposed interpretation actualizes not only the context and the semantics of the event, but also its symbolic techniques and stylistic features. It is claimed that the Baltic Way is a ritualised act. As a commemoration of the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact and tragic, dramatic historical events, it contains a set of techniques and elements of liturgical behaviour and a mourning ritual, such as dark clothes, candles, black ribbons of mourning, laments, praying, etc. The participants (re)construct historical memory and affirm collective identity through ritualized, rhythmical forms. On the other hand, the Baltic Way is performed as a social drama, framing itself as a staged, theatrical act, a tool of public political communication. In this sense, it can be considered as both a performative act and a ritual, a symbolic performance. Ritual and theatricality tend to be associated with aesthetics, aesthetics - with ethics.Thus, the concept of poetics here includes both aspects - ethics and aesthetics; to be more precise, aesthetic ethics and ethical aesthetics. Much attention is paid to the actant of the Baltic Way - the collective crowd, three united Baltic countries. They become an active political subject, calling themselves Baltija, sisters, cousins or other terms of kinship and fighting for freedom and historical justice. Their narrative representations mainly continue the ethnic national tradition and express historical facts - the examples of their experience of time and interpretation of memories, indicating a strong sense of historical significance and its poetisation. All these components make changes occur in the space and time of action and interpersonal relations. The participants’ ethical or moral behaviour, referring to the form of beau geste, sets up a new social order and offers an alternative and stylized form of life that combines beauty and moral, freedom and obligation, the individual and the society, etc. This reveals the peculiarities of the poetics of the Baltic Way, which is the major point of this article. The Baltic Way is seen as a reference point, a standard, indicating the model of an ideal political and social behaviour. [From the publication]