Laukinių vaistinių augalų naudojimo ir apsaugos teisinis reglamentavimas Lietuvoje

• Motiekaitytė, Vida
• Venckus, Zenonas

LTStraipsnyje aprašoma Lietuvos Respublikoje veikianti laukinių vaistinių augalų išteklių naudojimo teisinė bazė. Lietuvoje vaistiniai augalai jau daug metų naudojami namuose (savigydai, profilaktikai), parduodami farmacijos pramonės įmonėms. Tai, kaip teisiškai reglamentuojamas laukinių vaistinių augalų išteklių naudojimas, analizuojama taikant mokslinės literatūros, teisės aktų, statistikos duomenų analizės metodus. Patikslintas Lietuvos Respublikoje savaime augančių laukinių vaistinių augalų rūšių skaičius, apžvelgta jų išteklių kaita, išvardintos Lietuvos laukinių vaistinių augalų rūšys, kurių apsaugą reglamentuoja tarptautiniai, Europos Sąjungos ir nacionalinės teisės aktai. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Augalijos apsauga; Biologiniai ištekliai; Laukiniai augalai; Vaistiniai augalai; Biological resources; Medical plants; Medicinal plants; Plant conservation; Wild plants.

ENThe legal basis for exploitation of wild medicinal plant resources of the Republic of Lithuania is analysed in the paper. The problem is relevant because the biodiversity of wild medicinal plants is rich, and the traditions of using these plants for personal needs and for trade exist in Lithuania. Wild medicinal plants are part of wild vegetation and all legal acts regulating wild vegetation are applicable. More than 199 wild medicinal plant species are spread in Lithuania. International instruments governing the conservation of wild vegetation are "The Convention on Biological Diversity" (focuses on biodiversity protection in its natural environment) and "The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)". 4 wild medicinal plant species growing in Lithuania are included in Supplement D to the CITES: Arnica montana, Vaccinium uva-ursi, Lycopodium clavatum, Menyanthes trifoliata. Legal instruments governing the conservation of wild vegetation in the European Union are: "The Berne Convention", "The Habitats Directive and Council Regulation on the Protection of Species of Wild Fauna and Flora by Regulating Trade Therein". Wild medicinal plant species included in the supplements to "The Berne Convention" are not spread in Lithuania. Wild medicinal plant species spread in Lithuania are not included in the supplements to "The Habitats Directive" either, however, protected habitats as such are very important for the conservation of many wild medicinal plants in Lithuania. Legal instruments governing the conservation of wild vegetation in Lithuania are: "Law on Environmental Protection", "Law on Wild Flora", "Law on Protected Animal, Plant, Fungi Species and Communities", "Law on Protected Areas", "Law on Forests", "Law on Water", "Law on National Plant Genetic Resources", "Law on Green Zones&.11 wild medicinal plant species are included in the "Red Book of Lithuania": Arnica montana, Gentiana cruciata, G. pneumonanthe, Huperzia selago, Mentha longifolia, Myrica gale, Nuphar pumilum, Nymphaea alba, Polemonium coeruleum, Prunus spinosa, Pulmonaria angustifolia. 5 legal acts for the implementation of "The Law on Wild Flora" that regulate collection, exploitation of and trade in wild plant species are: "Wild Species Resources Exploitation Regulations", "Wild Plants Belonging to Separate Species Regulations", "List of Wild Plant and Fungi Species of Limited or Forbidden Collection", "The National Register of Wild Flora Resources", "Economic Activity Restrictions for the Protection of Wild Flora and its Resources", "Rules of Trade in Protected Species of Wild Flora and Fungi", "National Records of Wild Vegetation of the Republic of Lithuania". As long as wild medicinal plant resources are not intensively exploited in Lithuania, legal regulation governing the protection of wild vegetation also guarantee the protection of wild medicinal plant resources adequately. [From the publication]