Oszacowanie skali emigracji wysoko wykwalifikowanych obywateli Litwy w latach 2006-2010
LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Aukšta kvalifikacija; Darbuotojai; Emigracija; Emigracija iš Lietuvos; Migracija; Tendencijos; Emigration; Emigration from Lithuania; High qualification; Migration; Trends; Workers.
ENThe global economic and social processes are increasingly influenced by migration. According to The World Bank data, already in 1995, about 100 million of the world's population lived outside their homeland. After the restoration of independence in Lithuania emigration processes increased considerably and our country changed its migratory status - from adoptive (immigrants) to providing (emigrants). During the years 1990-2010 over 600 thousand inhabitants emigrated from Lithuania, which makes about 16 percent of the whole population. It can be said that this is one of the fastest rates of emigration in Europe since the Second World War. In modern Europe emigration is conditioned by economic factors mainly. Lithuanian residents also emigrate predominantly for economic reasons. The economic crisis, rising unemployment and declining living standards especially encouraged the process of emigration from Lithuania in 2009-2010. 54-57 percent of the emigrants were aged 20-39. More than 60 percent of the emigrants had been employed by 2008, which suggests that they did not emigrate because of unemployment, but because they were dissatisfied with their work payment or working conditions. About 32 percent had higher education. Thus, Lithuania has not only the highest emigration intensity in the EU, but our country's expats are also among the youngest and most skilled.During the period of 2006-2010 the emigratory intensity of high-school graduates increased significantly, but the observations of their employment conditions abroad suggest that we are dealing with the "brain waste" phenomenon, which is especially unuseful for Lithuania. Because of intensive emigration of highly skilled professionals, our country's employers are increasingly feeling the lack of skilled labour force, which, in turn, reduces the attractiveness of Lithuanian investment. To summarise, due to intensive emigration and negative changes in the labour market since 2009, Lithuania is undergoing a period of human capital degradation. Current changes will have a negative impact on the country's economy already in 2012-2013, especially in the light of the fact that in 2011 Lithuanian work force will enter a demographic pit and each year (until 2020) it will be supplemented by a smaller number of sixteen year-olds. [From the publication]
- Kaip neiššvaistyti protų: Lietuvos studentų nuostatos emigruoti / Rūta Aidis, Dovilė Krupickaitė. Vilnius : Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2009. 181 p.
- Sociological exploration of migration processes in Lithuania : brain drain or brain circulation? / Leonardas Rinkevičius, Aušra Kazlauskienė. Socialiniai mokslai. 2006, Nr. 4 (54), p. 42-49.
