Konstitucinė išimtinės padėties samprata: teisėtumo ir būtinumo santykis viešojoje teisėje

LTStraipsnyje įvairiais aspektais analizuojama išimtinės padėties teisinė samprata. Terminas „išimtinis“ viešosios teisės diskurse dažniausiai apibūdina tam tikrus veiksmus ar priemones, kurie nukrypsta nuo teisės ir visų pirma nuo konstitucinių normų ar principų. Kyla klausimų: ar išimtinė padėtis gali būti reguliuojama universaliomis teisės priemonėmis? Ar protinga „ištempti“ viešosios teisės sampratą už konstitucijos ribų krizinėmis situacijomis?. [Iš leidinio]

ENThis paper examines the legal notion of the state of exception. The term “exceptional” is used in public law to indicate a measure that deviates from legal and most importantly constitutional standards. This paper aims to answer, if state of exception can be governed by universal law? Does it make sense to stretch the notion of public law beyond the constitution to emergency situations? There are two main ways to interpret the concept of the state of exception – either in a Schmittian sense as completely distinctive from law or as inherent part of legal system but somehow different legal body. In the first case state of exception means total suspension of law and unlimited state power. In the second case exception means partial suspension of ordinary law, which determines the limits of applicable law. It is possible to distinguish the third alternative that there exists illegitimacy in law itself or even more – that this illegitimacy is the essence of law. The problem of contemporary emergencies is that we do not wish to give unlimited power to state officials anymore and since we cannot predict what measures may be necessary it becomes even more complicated to cope with emergencies. The plausible way seems to create the emergency legal system in which there are rules, rights, and procedures, however, it is important to take into account their limited possibilities. Nonetheless, we use legal measures to transform the concept of the state of exception from dictatorship to the model that is based on the rule of law. The state of exception is not a legitimate excuse to depart from constitutional standards anymore; emergency powers must meet the rule of law, proportionality and other principles. [From the publication]