"Čia žmogus atveria akis tam, kas yra, kas buvo, kas bus." Petro Skargos laidotuvių pamokslų ypatumai

LTSiekiant atskleisti pamokslo žanro tekstų ypatumus, straipsnyje analizuojami penki Petro Skargos laidotuvių pamokslai ir su jais siejamas pamokslas apie mirtį. Dviejuose laidotuvių pamoksluose, sakytuose mirus Lenkijos karalienėms, aptariamas Onos Jogailaitės, politikės, vaizdinys ir pamaldumas kaip vienas svarbiausių to meto asmens bruožų. Trijuose pavyzdiniuose laidotuvių pamoksluose ir pamoksle apie mirtį Skarga svarsto svarbiausias mirties akivaizdoje kylančias temas, kurias vėliau įmantriai plėtos kiti pamokslininkai. Viena įdomiausių temų, siejančių šiuos pamokslus, yra kūno tema. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Pamokslininkystė; Laidotuvių pamokslai; Retorika; Barokas; Dorybės; Mirtis.

ENThrough the analysis of Piotr Skarga’s (Piotr Skarga, 1536–1612) two funeral sermons dedicated to the Polish queens Anna Jagiellon and Anne of Austria (Anna Habsburżanka), three standard funeral sermons, and a sermon on death which "comes useful at funerals", the paper reveals the peculiarities of these texts as compared with other texts of the same genre by the preachers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the first half of the seventeenth century. Focus is placed on the structure of the texts, the peculiarities of the images of the deceased (in this case, the queens), the themes involved, and the linguistic means used. In his funeral sermons dedicated to both queens Skarga created ideal images of the queens, which were individualised by highlighting one particular trait: Anna Jagiellon was depicted as a politician, and Anne of Austria as an ideal wife. The queens’ virtues, of which piety was central, were presented as a means of upbringing and pointed to what a fair-minded person should be like. By creating the image of a woman-politician, which was rare in religious literature, Skarga’s sermon stood out from other funeral sermons. His standard funeral sermons served as an aid to preachers and contained interesting reflections on the themes of ars moriendi and ars vivendi. One of the most captivating themes linking these sermons is the theme of the body. Skarga’s funeral sermons reveal baroque world perception, although baroque rhetoric is still not very prominent. The speaking about death is not yet as intricately expanded as it became in baroque funeral sermons of later times. Unlike the sermons by his successors, who resorted to numerous examples and included intriguing interpretations of the Holy Scriptures, Skarga’s texts are still fairly transparent.However, like other preachers of the Baroque, Skarga found the function of movere significant, and this manifests itself through frequent exclamations, appeals, inserts of direct speech and various stories that aimed at making an impact on the readers, triggering their piety, and convincing them. At the same time, these texts are perceived as peculiar "handbooks of ethics" providing the addressees with guidelines for practical life and with common standards of conduct. [From the publication]