Ištiktukų reikšmių pateikimas žodynuose

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Ištiktukai; Kalbos ikoniškumas; Leksikografija; Leksinio aprašymo principai; Lietuvių kalbos žodynai; Reikšmė; Reikšmės aiškinimas; Reikšmės apibrėžimas; Žodynai; Žodynas; Dictionaries; Dictionary; Explanation of the meaning; Language iconicity; Lexicography; Lithuanian dictionaries; Meaning; Onomatopoeic words; Principles of lexicographic description; Word definition.

ENThe research is based on rich illustrative material leading to the conclusion that in Lithuanian dictionaries onomatopoeic words are presented in the descriptive way or with the help of synonyms. The explanation of the meanings varies greatly in "Lietuvių kalbos žodynas", "Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas" and in dialect dictionaries; and it is obvious that all these reference works lack a clear-cut standard system. In the paper specimens from English, German and Polish dictionaries are given for the sake of comparison. Disclosing the semantics of the onomatopoeic words is based on different concepts. Sometimes such attempts arc simply hair-splitting and redundant. This kind of semantic and lexicographic confusion can be accounted for by the fact that as a part of speech onomatopoeic words are peculiar in respect to phonetics, semantics and use. They do not always conform to the usual phonetic norms; and as linguistic signs they are characterized by certain iconic traits, greatly dependent on usage. Semasiologically they are devoid of nominational senses, while their connotational aspect is extremely suggestive.In the speech act a particular onomatopoeic word is selected taking into consideration the potential of its phonetic structure to create the desired image, sound or sensation. An assumption is made that the phonetic construction of the onomatopoeic word correlates with its meaning, while the concrete sound of its phonetic structure is a correlate of a certain sememe. In respect to the type of imitation three classes of onomatopoeic words can be distinguished - those of sound, image and sensation. The principles of description are based on theoretical considerations and practical suppositions. Establishing the basis of the semantic system of onomatopoeic words and defining their meanings, it is important to determine their types. In this article formulas for the lexicographic description of onomatopoeic words according to their type are proposed as a framework of the lexicographic system. The synonymic and referential interpretations in the description of sound, action or sensation onomatopoeic words are subjected to criticism. The article also offers recommendations for the description of the onomatopoeic words, related with the base verbs. [From the publication]