Livonijos problema, Žygimantas Augustas ir 1562 m. pavasarį neįvykęs Lenkijos seimas

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Lenkijos egzekucionistai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); 16 amžius; Livonija (Livonia); Petrikavo seimas, 1562; Politika; Žygimantas Augustas, 1520-1572 (Žygimantas III Augustas; Zigmantas II Augùstas; Zygmunt II August; Sigismund August); Lithuanian XVI c. history; Livonia; Livonian; Piotrkow Diet, 1562; Polish Kingdom; Polish executionists; Politic; Sigismund August; The Great Duchy of Lithuania.

ENThis article, with the help of material from a chronicle of the events of 1559-1562, which was written by an unknown author in Little Poland, strives to once more focus attention on the connection between the policy of Sigismund August and the behaviour of the participants in the Little Poland movement for the execution of the laws (execution legum), to recall an aspect of a problem, an aspect which is known but which has not been expanded upon in historiography, and to help researchers of Livonian history in the search for new sources and interpretations. It highlights the interpretation of events, which is recorded in the 'chronicle' and which allows one to form an image about which ways and means the executionists used in an attempt to influence the behaviour of the ruler, Sigismund August. The conclusion is drawn that the Polish executionist political faction was able to use the annexation of Livonia to Lithuania in 1561 and the consequences caused by this. After taking advantage of the complex military situation that had arisen for Lithuania, the executionists began a political blackmail directed personally against the ruler, Sigismund August. The Polish Sejm convened by the king in March 1562, at which the question was to be discussed of whether support would be given to Lithuania for the war in Livonia, failed to take place.The executionists of Little Poland, after securing the favour of the nobles of Great Poland and not waiting for the resistance of the Polish Council of Lords, not only broke up the Sejm convened by the ruler, they achieved somewhat more and were able to thrust their political scenarios on Sigismund August. Publicly accused of paying attention to only Lithuania and of not worrying about the affairs of the Kingdom of Poland, Sigismund August was forced to yield and convened the Piotrków Sejm in November of the same year of 1562. The war over Livonia allowed the executionists to achieve a serious victory against Sigismund August in 1562 and to begin to realise an economic and political execution programme in Poland. The struggle over Livonia was not the only factor but certainly a very important one in deciding the political behaviour of Sigismund August at the start of the 1560s in that he took the side of the Polish executionists and even renounced the inheritance of the Gediminid-Jagellonian dynasty, i.e. the patrimonial rights to the state of Lithuania. [From the publication]