Tapsmo suaugusiuoju ženklai Lietuvos jaunuolių imtyje

LTŠiuo aprašomojo pobūdžio tyrimu siekta atskleisti, kuriuos iš Arnetto nurodytų tapsmo suaugusiuoju ženklų Lietuvos jaunuoliai laiko svarbiais, kuo skiriasi šių ženklų svarbos vertinimas vyrų ir moterų grupėse ir kiek Lietuvos jaunuolių požiūris skiriasi nuo gyvenančiųjų Vakarų šalyse. Tyrime dalyvavo 434 jaunuoliai (215 vyrų, 219 moterų). Tiriamųjų amžiaus M = 22,48, SD = 1,91. Tiriamiesiems buvo pateiktas klausimynas, kurį sudaro 39 suaugusio asmens ženklai (kriterijai), grįsti Arnetto tyrimais (pvz., Arnett, 2001, 2003), prašant nurodyti, kurie ženklų yra būtini, kad asmenį būtų galima laikyti suaugusiu. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad Lietuvos jaunuoliai, panašiai kaip Vakarų šalių, tapsmą suaugusiuoju supranta kaip tam tikrų individualių savybių įgijimą, o ne kaip su vaidmenų kaita siejamų įvykių išgyvenimą. Tačiau, skirtingai nei Vakarų šalių jaunuoliams, šalia svarbių tapsmo suaugusiuoju savybių, rodančių individo savarankiškumą, autonomiją bei savo elgesio kontrolę, Lietuvos jaunuoliams svarbiausios pasirodė savybės, apibūdinančios sugebėjimus pasirūpinti savo šeima. Jaunų Lietuvos vyrų ir moterų požiūris į tapsmo suaugusiuoju svarbą skiriasi nedaug: yra nedidelių skirtumų vertinant šeimyninių kompetencijų, siejamų su vaidmenimis šeimoje, ir taisyklių laikymosi svarbą tapsmui suaugusiuoju. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Tapsmas suaugusiuoju; Tapsmo suaugusiuoju ženklai; Lietuvos jaunuoliai; Lyčių skirtumai; Transition to adulthood; Adulthood criteria; Lithuanian emerging adults; Gender differences.

ENAlmost two decades ago Arnett (1994, 1997, 2001) suggested that, from the perspective of youth, becoming an adult is not achieved through a series of role changes, such as getting married or starting a long-time career, but rather through acquisition of individual character qualities, such as ability to accept responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions, making independent decisions, and becoming financially independent. This sparked a debate among social scientists on whether the “traditional” markers of adulthood (e.g., marriage, leaving parental home) were still important. One limitation to the line of Arnett’s research is that most of it has been conducted using the USA white student samples. Similar research employing the same instruments, but conducted in different cultures or ethnic groups, showed that criteria for adulthood can vary cross-culturally (e.g., Nelson, Badger, & Wu, 2004). These evidences suggest that cross-cultural generalizations regarding the criteria of adulthood may be limited and, therefore, it is important to evaluate which criteria are perceived by youth as defining adulthood in a particular cultural context. The goal of this study was threefold: to examine the conceptions defining an adult person by Lithuanian emerging adults according to Arnett’s list of adult criteria, to evaluate gender differences in these conceptions, and to evaluate how the popularity of these criteria differ from the views of youth living in other Western industrialized countries. Arnett’s questionnaire on markers of adulthood (2001) was administered to a sample of 434 (age M = 22.5, SD = 1.91) emerging adults. Accepting responsibility for the consequences of one’s actions was viewed as the most necessary criterion for becoming an adult. Being capable of caring for children was the next most highly endorsed criterion for both women and men.The next most important criteria were "avoid drunk driving" (87.1%), "avoid committing petty crimes like vandalism and shoplifting" (82.9%), "decide on personal beliefs and values independently of parents or other influences" (82.0%), "become capable of keeping family physically safe (men)" (81.8%), "if a man, become capable of supporting a family financially" (81.3%), "if a woman, become capable of running a household" (80.2%) and "financially independent from parents" (79.5%). Role transitions, on the other hand, were endorsed only by about a third of the study participants. Taken together, the results suggest that becoming an adult among Lithuanian emerging adults, similarly to other Western countries, is perceived primarily as the acquisition of certain character qualities rather than going through role changes. However, contrary to Arnett’s findings with the US samples, capacities to maintain family responsibilities seem to be more important than achieving independence and self-sufficiency. [From the publication]