"Man ta žemė viską duoda" : žemdirbio pasaulėjauta Rakščių patirties pasakojime

LTTiriamasis dalykas – šiuolaikinių lietuvių ūkininkų šeimos žemės samprata. Tikslas – atskleisti žemės reikšmių polifoniją lietuvių prigimtinėje kultūroje. Metodai – analitinis, interpretacinis, fenomenologinis, semiotinis. Išvados: lietuvių prigimtinėje kultūroje žemė suprantama ne kaip ekonominis išteklius, bet kaip gyva būtybė, su kuria žemdirbys bendrauja ir kuri jam tampa gyvenimo prasmės, pilnatvės, gyvybingumo, išminties šaltiniu bei vieta, kur juntamas ryšys su protėvių kartomis. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Prigimtinė kultūra; Šeima; Žemdirbys; Žemė; Žemė, socialiniai santykiai, giminystė, Lietuva; Žinija; Agriculturalist; Family; Indigenous culture; Knowledge; Land; Land, social relations, kinship, Lithuania.

ENThis paper examines the farming experience of one family living on their land, spanning four generations. The story begins in 1920, when Pranciškus Ožeraitis, along with his sons Jonas and Matas, buys land in the parcelled-out Bobikliai estate near Kaunas. They successfully farmed in independent Lithuania, and during the Soviet occupation in 1948 were deported to Siberia. After more than 40 years, in 1992, the daughter of Jonas Ožeraitis, Kazimiera Rakštienė with her husband Domas Rakštys and their son Remigijus, recover their land and restore the farm there. This study is based on the Rakščiai family's experience, which shows that the traditional farmer's attitude can survive, despite being interrupted for four decades and despite changes in agricultural technology. This paper addresses two aspects of the land - farming and life on one's family land. Work on the land is understood as a way of communicating with the earth; at the beginning the farmer has to "tame" the land (prove that he is strong enough to be able to understand and work it), and only then communicates with it as with a living being - the earth must be loved, "fed" (fertilised), given a chance to rest (the land is left unsown and for a year it is fallow). Farming experience is comprehensive - it is perceived through colour, odour, texture, etc. On the basis of sensations and experiences a cultural land familiarity is formed, inherent to Lithuanian indigenous culture.A farmer sees the land and crops as aesthetic objects, while fields are the art of earth, "paintings" created by the farmer. Also, for a farmer the earth is a source of wisdom, it is believed that it develops valuable human qualities - sensitivity, attentiveness, patience, understanding, diligence, a sense of community and so on. In addition, living in the rhythm of the earth, a man becomes a very strong and stubborn. Farmland in Lithuanian indigenous culture is closely tied to the home. The story of the Rakščiai family highlights that home is only such a place that is associated with the earth (especially that which is inherited from their parents). The earth of one's homeland is important in that there people feel a connection with their ancestors who lived there for generations. In the narrative of Rakščiai, the connection to the past and relatives who lived on that land is maintained through feeling the lived-in land, through the handiwork of one's parents and grandparents and continuation of that work (the previous house's foundation was the basis for a new house, the old well was rediscovered and used again), and through symbolic expression (a dream about the old bam key's discovery and then really finding it, a dream about the brother who died in Siberia and his wish to be brought back to Lithuania and reburied). After the article a discussion "The coming together of people and the land, or the political links of land and culture" is published, in which this topic is expanded on, questions asked by the 4th Indigenous Culture Seminar's participants are answered. [From the publication]