Mokslo ir studijų sistemos formavimas Lietuvoje SSRS okupacijos metais

LTReikšminiai žodžiai: Lietuvos mokslų akademija; Mokslas, studijos, sistema, mokslo ir studijų įstaigos, SSSR okupacijos metai; Organizacinių struktūrų formavimas; Reformos ir profiliavimas; Studijų ir mokslo sistema; Studijų ir mokslo sistemos formavimasis Lietuvoje, Sovietų okupacijos periodas; Taikomųjų ir fundamentinių tyrimų atskyrimas; Applied and fundamental research separation; Formation of the system of Science and Studies in Lithuania; Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; Organizational structure formation; Reform and profiling; Research, studies, institutions of science and studies, USSR occupation; Soviet Occupation period; System of Science and Studies.

ENIn the years of independent Lithuania (1918-1940) the most important centre for organization of research and studies was Vytautas Magnus University, whereas in the years of the Soviet occupation - the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, which was established on 16 January 1941 by the occupational Lithuanian power on the basis of the research institutions that operated before the occupation. However, before the war its organization had not been completed; in the years of the German occupation the Academy that was then in the stage of such organization vegetated further, because the new occupation authorities almost did not support it, nevertheless, its activities were not banned - the accumulated material was put in order, its protection was taken care of. With the second USSR occupation nearing, about half of the Lithuanian scientists and teachers of institutions of higher education retreated to the West; many buildings and the property in them were demolished and plundered during the war. However, the remaining Lithuanian intellectuals, as soon as the front started advancing, undertook hastily the recreation of institutions of higher education and scientific institutions, the establishment of new ones, especially those under the Academy of Sciences. This period lasted almost until 1952. The said period was characterized not only by persecution, carried out by the occupants and their allies, but also by intensive organizational-creative work, conducted under vigilant observation and "corrected" by the KGB and the Bolshevist ideology servants.During this period, the major part of the staff of scientific institutions also worked as teachers at institutions of higher education, and vice versa - only thus, since specialists were lacking, it was possible to preserve the Lithuanian institutions of higher education and scientific institutions. In the second period, from 1953, reforms of the established institutions of science and studies, their division according to the trends of science started, involving separation of fundamental research from applied research, concentration of the former at the institutions under the LAS and laboratories of institutions of higher education. It was a characteristic feature of the period that numerous institutes and laboratories of the branch-applied type were established on the basis of the applied research divisions. [...] However, certainly, this was of positive importance for the whole of Lithuania, for organization of studies. Thus, after Lithuania's regaining the Independence in 1990, problems occurred not so much due to the lack of highly qualified specialists, but rather as regards their use, since after losing specialized customers from the USSR, mostly those from the military industrial complex, most scientific institutions that operated previously were left without the sources of financing - without customers. In Independent Lithuania it was necessary to reform science and studies, taking into consideration not only the needs of Lithuania, but also of the European Union, global science, production and trade trends. [From the publication]