Šiuolaikiniai imigrantai iš Lietuvos transnacionalineje erdvėje: Niujorko atvejis

LTRemdamiesi transnacionalizmo, transnacionalios migracijos teorine prieiga aptarsime, kaip ir kokius socialinius ryšius ir santykius Niujorke kuria imigrantai iš Lietuvos. Iš Lietuvos „išjudėję“ asmenys naujoje vietoje yra linkę bendrauti su panašių etninių šaknų asmenimis, tačiau neretai vengia tautiečių kaimynystės. Tad kyla klausimai, kodėl ir kaip imigrantai iš Lietuvos priimančioje šalyje (ne)susidraugauja, (ne)bendradarbiauja tarpusavyje su tų pačių etninių šaknų asmenimis, su priimančios šalies pagrindine visuomene, kitomis toje šalyje gyvenančiomis etninėmis grupėmis. Ar šių dienų imigrantai bendrauja, dalijasi patirtimi su Amerikos lietuviais? Atsakymai atskleis, ar kuriami socialiniai ryšiai, santykiai sąlygoja šiandieninių; imigrantų iš Lietuvos įsitraukimą akultūraciją JAV, o kartu jautimąsi transnacionalios erdvės dalimi. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Amerikos lietuviai; Bendravimas; Etniniai ryšiai; Etniškumas; Imigrantai; Imigrantai iš Lietuvos; Lietuviškumas; Socialiniai tinklai; Tarpetniniai saitai; Transnacionalinė erdvė; Transnacionalinė migracija; Šiuolaikiniai imigrantai; American Lithuanians; Communication; Contemporary immigrants; Ethnic networks; Ethnicity; Immigrants; Immigrants from Lithuania; Social networks; Trans-ethnic networs; Transnational migration; Transnational space.

EN[...] Therefore, this article is aimed at disclosing why and how Lithuanian immigrants in New York establish and maintain social contacts with their fellow citizens in private and formal public spaces (with members of the same wave of emigration, people of the post war political emigration and their children, and people from post-socialist countries representing different ethnic groups), and why others are more concemed and have more resources to enter the multicultural environment of the US. Empirical data was collected in ethnographic field research conducted in April-June 2008 on the East Goast (New York, Pittsfield [Massachusetts], Jersey Gity [New Jersey], Brattleboro [Vermont], and Philadelphia). In the course of the ethnographic field research, observation and interview methods were employed in data collection. Connections with several key informants, cultivated to date by means of information technologies and two-way friendly visits, continuously provide additional information to the accumulated data. The article is based on a theoretical paradigm of transnationalism which accounts for national and international migration, ethnic and global identity framing processes, types of consciousness, methods of cultural reproduction, and locality reconstruction, and suggests that constant cross-border movement and the continuous situation of transmigration does not necessarily require 'dependence to concrete locality and affords ground for the creating of multiple and multidirectional identities' (Vertovec 2009). [...].Hence in the multicultural USA, some immigrants strive to integrate as quickly as possible, whereas others seek to sustain their ethnic identity, and still others try to proportion the two non-polar identities. Nonetheless, the aspiration to assimilate with the 'locals' and to dispose of factors determining inferiority complexes yet sustaining the 'Lithuanian' identity prevails. Those who constantly live in a state of transmigration tend to opt for a hybrid method of identification (Friedman 2002), with no aspirations to attribute themselves to any of the ethnic, cultural or geographical aspects of life (or attributing to several at the save time). On the other hand, contemporary Lithuanian immigrants are forced, have or may have opportunities to live in the transnational world without assimilation in to the foreign country, and remaining transnational on the emotional level while utilising the practices of transnationalism. [From the publication]

• Sociologija / Sociology
• Etnologija / Ethnology