Lietuvos šeimos teisės raida 1990-2000 m. : etapai, problemos

LTStraipsnyje apžvelgiama XX a. paskutiniojo dešimtmečio Lietuvos šeimos teisės idėjų raida, politiniai, ekonominiai, socialiniai ir psichologiniai veiksniai, lėmę civilinę teisėkūrą. Nagrinėjamas Santuokos ir šeimos kodekso kūrimo procesas, priėmus Lietuvos Respublikos Konstituciją. Aptariami šeimos teisėkūros politikoje vykę kokybiniai persilaužimo metai, pereinant į naują šeimos teisės raidos etapą. Akcentuojamos įstatymų leidėjų pastangas tobulinti šeimos teisės modelį. Tyrimo medžiaga sisteminama pagal esmingiausius Santuokos ir šeimos kodekso rengėjų veiklos etapus. Analizuojamos iškilusios alternatyvios idėjos, kurios paskutiniame variante išsikristalizavo į Civilinio kodekso Trečiosios knygos – „Šeimos teisė“ – modelį. Daroma išvada, kad tiriamo laikotarpio pabaigoje Lietuva galutinai atsikratė tarybiniais metais egzistavusios socialistinės šeimos teisės doktrinos ir kartu įsitvirtino europinės šeimos teisės kultūros terpėje. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Civilinis kodeksas; Šeimos teisė; Evoliucija; Etapai; Problemos; Civil code; Family law; Stages; Problems; Evolution.

ENThe development of Lithuanian legislation on family during the last decade of the 20th century is analysed in the article from the historical perspective as well as the process of creating of marriage and civil code. After the reinstatement of the Independence of Lithuania there emerged a necessity to change the entire system of the Soviet law, including the Law on Family. In fact, the social family law could not have been adopted or readopted mechanically mainly due to the principal economic, social and ideological differences and a different policy implemented by the reinstated Republic of the Lithuania. The first steps in changing the Lithuanian family law were done on 11th of March, 1990, after Basic law was adopted, but the fundamentals of the modern family law system were established after the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania was adopted by referendum on 25th of October, 1992. Articles 38 and 39 of the Constitution consolidated general principles and values of the family law as well as the new quality stage of legal regulation of family relations presenting favourable conditions for creation of rules of the legislation on family. The reform of the family law, which took place during the examined period, not only had to ensure the succession of the national family law but also the adoption of the Western experience proved by life practise. The aim was to absorb and suitably invoke the international legislation related to the family law. Nevertheless, the first attention was paid to the attempts of Lithuanian law makers to improve the family related legislative model.The material of the research was structured according to the three most general stages of work groups and their supervisors acting on preparation of the Marriage and Family code: the first stage (1990-1993) – supervisor Prof. P. Rasimavičius; the second stage (1993-1996) – supervisor lawyer K. Lipeika; and the third stage (1997-1998) – supervisor V. Aleknaitė-Abramikienė, a member of the Seimas. The work on the Code was carried out following the principles of succession and adoption as well as the historical practice of Lithuania within the European traditions. The formation new life in Lithuania during the last decades of the 20th century occurred under complex inner and international conditions: adoption of new ideas was not easy for both politicians and the society and this, in turn, influenced the development of the family law. After the Law and Order Committee of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania adopted the Resolution to prepare the integral Civil Code on 7th of January, 1998, the work on the Marriage and Family Code as special book was terminated. Under supervision of Prof. V. Mikelėnas in 2000, the Civil Code of the Republic of Lithuania was prepared, where the Marriage and Family Code was incorporated to its content merging to the Third Book of the Civil Code (Family law). The Third Book was approved by the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania on 11th of July 2000 and it came into effect on the 1st of July, 2001. Then the old Soviet Marriage and Family Code of the Republic of Lithuania, which had undergone a number of modifications during period of Independence, was abolished. [From the publication]