Socioekonominė Lietuvos kaimo būklė: ūkininkavimo aspektai

LTNūdienos Lietuvos kaime yra daug neišspręstų problemų: nepakankamai išplėtota kaimo socialinė infrastruktūra, žemas dalies gyventojų išsilavinimas ir profesinės kvalifikacijos stoka, neaiški kaimo ateities perspektyva ir t.t. Šie veiksniai atsiliepia socioekonominei kaimo gyventojų būklei, kuri daro įtaką jų užimtumo mažėjimui, nedarbui, gyvenimo lygio smukimui, blogina demografinius rodiklius, didina emigraciją ir kt. Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama dabartinio Lietuvos kaimo socioekonominė būklė, turinti įtakos ūkininkavimui: analizuojami bendrosios žemės ūkio politikos, jaunimo įtraukimo į ūkininkavimą klausimai, ūkininkų ūkių Lietuvoje skaičius ir plotai, kaimo darbo jėgos aktyvumas, užimtumas, nedarbo ir skurdo lygiai, emigracija bei kitos problemos. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Bendroji žemės ūkio politika (BŽŪP); Kaimas; Nedarbas; Užimtumas; Ūkininkavimas; Žemės ūkis; Agriculture; Common Agricultural Policy (CAP); Coomon Agricultural Policy (CAP); Employment; Farming; Rural; Unemployment.

ENThe aim of this article is to investigate socio-economic status of rural Lithuania aspects of the farmers' operating prospects. In order to investigate the specific problems of the current village and assess the situation, was examined Versme publishing initiative organized expeditions in our material collected while visiting the farm and to communicate with their owners and other inhabitants of those areas. Studies were carried out during the 2008 2012 period. They covered the countryside, located Onuškis, Semeliškes, Aukštadvaris (Trakai district), Rietavas (Plunge), Bijotai, Upyna (district Šilalė), Skaudvil (district Tauragė). The survey included a total of 36 informants, most of the farmers and their family members: 30 men and 6 women. Lithuania rural area has many unsolved problems: not enough developed rural social infrastructure, low education level of the population and lack of qualifications, the uncertain future of the rural perspective, etc. It is these and other factors responds to economic and social status of the rural population, which influences decrease in employment, unemployment, demographic destruction, migration, our standard of living and so on. The article analyses the Lithuanian rural socio-economic condition affecting farming: analysis of the common agricultural policy, youth in the farming business, farms Lithuania number of areas, labor force participation, employment, unemployment rate in urban and rural areas, poverty, emigration and other problems. Lithuanian rural areas continue to lose population. In 2012 the beginning of the total population of the village was 999 thousands. Since 2001 by 2012 rural population decreased by almost 153 thousands.One of the main threats faced by the current period of Lithuanian village is unemployment. In 2012 unemployment rate in rural areas was 19,5 percent, youth unemployment rate was as high as 32,9 percent. Farmers farm registry, Lithuania in 2013 1st. January were registered 113,8 thousand family farms. According to land Lithuania mainly dominated by small farms with an area of 3 to 10 hectares. Their number is 41 percent, the number of farmers 30 percent of farms under 3 hectares, and 18 percent farms with a total land area of 10 to 20 hectares. Major holdings consist of 2 percent. If we are to maintain a viable Lithuanian village is planning for the future, we should take into account the young people tackle the youth of the village raising the issue. In Lithuania about 36 percent farmers are retirement age, and young people under 40 years of the age account for only 17 percent. It is therefore necessary to ask, how to look like most of the current holdings in 10-15 years? This is a problem not only in Lithuania, but also in other Western countries, including the United States. Our study surveyed farmers said that the huge support was European money, as the investment in the modernization of agricultural holdings, and without it would not be such farms Lithuania. On the other hand, they are very restrained, must follow certain guidelines imposed on the EU. The EU's policy to adjust and maintain all the requirements of Lithuanian farmers may be too complex some other countries have already reached a certain level of farming much earlier. The Common Agricultural Policy of the European farmers enables them to meet the needs of the population. Common Agricultural Policy funds are intended for the following areas: farmers' incomes and supporting sustainable farming practices, market support measures in the rural development measures. [...]. [From the publication]

• Ekonomika / Economics
• Sociologija / Sociology