Socialinių įmonių plėtros kryptys Lietuvoje

LTStraipsnyje nagrinėjamos socialinių įmonių plėtros aktualijos ir tendencijos Lietuvoje. Nustatyti socialinių įmonių požymių ypatumai, atlikta socialinių įmonių veiklos krypčių lyginamoji analizė Europos Sąjungoje. Aptariamos socialinių įmonių plėtros tendencijos Lietuvoje nuo 2005 m. Vertinant socialinių įmonių veiklas nustatyta, kad jos beveik po lygiai pasiskirsčiusios paslaugų ir gamybos sektoriuose. Aptarti Lietuvos Respublikos socialinių įmonių įstatymo pakeitimai bei taikymo aspektai, identifikuotos valstybės pagalbos socialinėms įmonėms stiprybės ir silpnybės. Atliekant tyrimą, buvo siekiama išnagrinėti Lietuvos socialinių įmonių padėties pokyčius, atskleisti vystymosi problemas bei galimybes. [Iš leidinio]Reikšminiai žodžiai: Neįgaliųjų socialinė įmonė; Socialinė atskirtis; Socialinė įmonė; Disability social enterprise; Social enterprise; Social enterprise for the disable; Social exclusion.

ENThe Europe 2020 strategy emphasize that social enterprises are very useful to the society as an important element of the social economy. Europe should promote the creation of social enterprises and use their growth potential, entrepreneurship to create social values. The objective of social enterprises is the employment of people who lost their professional and general capacity and they are unable to compete on equal terms in the labor market. The employment of these persons is supported by the state. The goal of the research is to analyse Lithuanian social enterprises development trends in EU context. In the EU due to the different linguistic and cultural traditions, social enterprise concept is very diverse. EESC (European Economic and Social Committee) propose to distinguish these social enterprise characteristics: achieve social objectives rather than profit, has variety legal forms and models (cooperatives, mutual societies, voluntary associations, foundations, profit or non-profit companies); engaged in business activities which is based on democratic principles including employees, customers, and members of the general decision-making and management. Analyzing Social Enterprises in Europe, it can be said that forms of social enterprises are different in all EU Member States, namely cooperatives (different forms in Sweden, Italy, Great Britain), mutual societies, associations, foundations. Various forms of social enterprise are implemented in France, Belgium, and Portugal. Social enterprises cover a wide range of services and manufacturing market spectrum. They can provide services for vulnerable part of society and ensure social and professional integration through employing people who have found themselves at a disadvantage, experiencing social exclusion, without appropriate professional qualifications or having social problems. The amended law on social enterprises entered into force in 1 January 2012.The aims of it were to stop mass social enterprises start-ups, limit funds for social enterprises, increase a number of target groups in social enterprises, increase a number of people with disabilities in social enterprises. Lithuanian social enterprises development trends at the end of 2012 were as following: there were 136 social enterprises, of which 75 - disability social enterprises. During 2012 social enterprise status granted to 4 enterprises, disability social enterprise to 1 enterprise. The number of social enterprises in the years 2005-2012 shows decreasing trends of social enterprises in Lithuania. The biggest number of enterprises is that of the enterprises which received the status in 2005 and accounted for 24.4 percent of total number of all enterprises in the state. In 2011 the number of social enterprises decreased slightly till 7 and in 2012 only 4 enterprises were established. During the period 2005-2010 number of disability social enterprises could be characterized by continuous growth as employers had the opportunity to employ people with disabilities and use of the various categories of State assistance. In 2010 (22 companies) the number of social disability enterprises was almost the same as in 2005. In 2011 2012 very few enterprises have received disability social enterprise status. It depended on amendments to the law and changes in the procedure for granting the status of disability social enterprise. It can be presumed that social enterprises are almost equally distributed in the services and manufacturing sectors. However, the data show that the great majority of people with disabilities in social enterprises worked in the services field. These companies accounted for 61.1 percent of all businesses because many people with disabilities cannot perform more difficult physical work and work related to unhealthy factors. [From the publication]

• Vadyba / Management
• Ekonomika / Economics